{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","uuid":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","normalized_title":"规则的悖论想象背后的技术愚笨与权力诱惑theutopiaofrulesontechnologystupidityandthesecretjoysofbureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E6%84%9A%E7%AC%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%20%3D%20The%20Utopia%20of%20Rules%20On%20Technology%2C%20Stupidity%2C%20and%20the%20Secret%20Joys%20of%20Bureaucracy","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":14,"pdf_page":13,"physical_index":13,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"cb5ce8284bf0b1e112a2f4d83d3a80d9e85a1fafcbe937585df8c790ea17dd0e"},"chapter":"规则的悖论","content":"这招致了一场政治灾难。确实找不到更贴切的词来概括它了。对于任何社会问题，“温和”左派给出的对策总会成为最烂的官僚主义元素和最烂的资本主义元素惨不忍睹的大杂烩。（而激进左派的对策如今几乎找不到立锥之地。）简直像是有人刻意创造了一种最不讨喜的政治立场。居然有人考虑投票给推行这种玩意儿的政党，这简直是左派理念真正持久性的明证：毕竟，这样投票铁定不是因为赞同政策本身，而只是因为自认属于中左阵营的人根本没有别的政策可推。\n\n所以每逢社会危机，都是右派而非左派成为公众发泄怒火的阵地，这又有什么好奇怪的呢？\n\n右派好歹有一套对官僚制的批判；谈不上多好，但至少是有的。左派压根儿没有。如此一来，当自认属于左派的人对官僚制确有不满时，通常只能采用一种打折版的右派批判理论。<sup>7</sup>\n\n这套右派批判理论不难拆解。它的源头是19世纪的自由主义。<sup>8</sup>法国大革命之后，欧洲中产阶级圈子里出现了一种论调，即文明世界正在经历一场渐进的、不平衡的但在所难免的转型，人们将脱离军事精英的主宰，包括他们的威权政府、宗教教条和等级区隔，转向自由、平等和开明的商业自利。中世纪的商人阶层像白蚁一样从根上侵蚀了封建旧秩序——白蚁，没错，不过是好的那种。在自由主义版本的历史叙事中，随着盛极一时的绝对主义国家被推翻，苟延残喘的旧秩序将告终，国家将让位于市场，宗教将让位于科学，固化的阶层和侯爵、男爵夫人之类的身份将让位于个体间的自由契约。\n\n现代官僚制的出现对这套叙事而言构成了某种问题，因为它格格不入。按理说，那群坐办公室的老古板连同他们精心设计的指挥链，本该只是些封建残余，很快就会步军队和军官团的后尘，像人们期待中的那样逐渐变得无足轻重。随便翻开一本19世纪末的俄国小说：所有旧贵族的后人——其实基本就是书中的全部角色——都变成了军官或公务员（没见有谁从事其他工种），军队和文官集团有着几近相同的职级、头衔和做派。可这里明显有个问题。如果官僚只是封建残余，为何他们在世界各地的数量逐年递增，不仅是在俄国这样的老顽固国家，连在英格兰和德意志这样蓬勃发展的工业社会中也是如此？\n\n14","previous_page":13,"next_page":15}