{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","uuid":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","normalized_title":"规则的悖论想象背后的技术愚笨与权力诱惑theutopiaofrulesontechnologystupidityandthesecretjoysofbureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E6%84%9A%E7%AC%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%20%3D%20The%20Utopia%20of%20Rules%20On%20Technology%2C%20Stupidity%2C%20and%20the%20Secret%20Joys%20of%20Bureaucracy","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":18,"pdf_page":17,"physical_index":17,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4b6f70d0f7535f5e59838476e8a6dcb55b4795b86d53f8dd2d72818f24c73b12"},"chapter":"规则的悖论","content":"于是“民主”开始染上市场的意味；而“官僚”与之相反，意味着政府对市场的干预；这般含义可以说一直延续到了今天。\n\n\\*\\* \\*\n\n但事情并非从来如此。19世纪末现代公司的崛起在当时被视作现代化官僚技术在私营部门的应用。人们认为这等技术在大规模经营中不可或缺，因其比主导小型家族企业的人脉或非正式关系网更高效。此类新兴的私人官僚制的先驱是美国和德国。根据德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯的观察，同时代的美国人尤其倾向于将公共和私人的官僚制度视为一律：\n\n在一个机构中工作的全体官员，加上各自的物质装备和档案，便构成了一个官署（在私人企业中常常叫作“会计室”）……\n\n现代企业家的独特之处就在于，他的作为犹如他的企业中的“首席官员”，而现代特有的官僚国家的统治者也是以同样的方式自称国家的“第一仆人”。国家官署的活动在性质上根本不同于私人机构的管理，这种观念是大陆欧洲人的见解，相比之下，美国人对此是完全陌生的。13\n\n换句话说，在19世纪与20世纪之交，美国人并没有抱怨说政府应该多像企业那样运作，而是直接假定政府与企业—或至少是大型企业—就是以同样的方式运作的。\n\n18","previous_page":17,"next_page":19}