{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","uuid":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","normalized_title":"规则的悖论想象背后的技术愚笨与权力诱惑theutopiaofrulesontechnologystupidityandthesecretjoysofbureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E6%84%9A%E7%AC%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%20%3D%20The%20Utopia%20of%20Rules%20On%20Technology%2C%20Stupidity%2C%20and%20the%20Secret%20Joys%20of%20Bureaucracy","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":211,"pdf_page":210,"physical_index":210,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"54da5c59a501845e1141e4fa5dbff3c47e6adf78b9e011b9cb2096b0bb262613"},"chapter":"第一章","content":"10 这个词本身可追溯到20世纪60年代和平学内部的论辩。它由约翰·加尔通（Johann Galtung）所造［“Violence,Peace,and PeaceResearch.”Journal of Peace Research 1969 vol.6:167-\n\n191;Peace:Research,Education,Action,Essays in Peace Research (Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers,Vol. 1, 1982); Peter Lawler, A Question of Values:Johan Galtung’s Peace Research(Boulder,CO,Lynne\n\nRienner,1995)］，以便控诉将“和平”仅仅定义为不存在人身攻击行为，这忽视了普遍存在的更危险的人类剥削结构。加尔通觉得“剥削”一词由于与马克思主义的高度绑定而显得太过沉重，于是作为替代提出了“结构性暴力”——任何单凭自身的运转就会经常性地对某一部分人口造成身体或心理伤害，抑或是限制他们自由的体制安排。结构性暴力也因此区别于“个人暴力”（personalviolence，由一个身份确定的行为人施加的暴力）或“文化暴力”（culturalviolence，那些为强加的伤害赋予正当性的关于世界的信仰和假设）。这也是人类学文献中主要使用该术语的方式［例如：Philippe Bourgois, “The Power of Violence in War and Peace:Post-Cold War Lessons from El Salvador.”Ethnography 2001 vol.2(1):5-34;Paul Farmer,“An Anthropology of Structural Violence.”CurrentAnthropology 2004 vol.45(3):305-325;Pathologies of Power:Health,HumanRights,and the New War on the Poor(Berkeley:University of CaliforniaPress,2005);Arun Gupta,Red Tape:Bureaucracy,Structural Violence,andPoverty in India(Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2012)］。\n\n11 考虑到世界实际的存在方式，这样的概念显然毫无意义。比方说，如果女性出于对人身侵犯或性侵犯的恐惧而被某些空间排除在外，那么我们就很难区分出这种恐惧、促使男性实施这类侵犯或促使警察感到受害者“咎由自取”的前提假设，抑或是大多数女性由此产生的认为这些不是女性该进入的空间的感受。反过来，我们也无法区分出这些因素与由此导致的女性无法受雇于特定工作的“经济”后果。所有这些构成了一个单一的暴力结构。\n\n211","previous_page":210,"next_page":212}