{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","uuid":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","normalized_title":"规则的悖论想象背后的技术愚笨与权力诱惑theutopiaofrulesontechnologystupidityandthesecretjoysofbureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E6%84%9A%E7%AC%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%20%3D%20The%20Utopia%20of%20Rules%20On%20Technology%2C%20Stupidity%2C%20and%20the%20Secret%20Joys%20of%20Bureaucracy","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":30,"pdf_page":29,"physical_index":29,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e0f529924bc1fbaa873e9db4f5a98da9c5dc986b1b99a3ce013a22eb6fcb284d"},"chapter":"规则的悖论","content":"这一点值得展开讲讲。我要说的是，摆在我们眼前的不是普通的双重标准，而是一种独特的、在官僚体系里十分典型的双重标准。所有的官僚制都是程度不一的乌托邦，因为它们提出了某种真实人类永远无法触及的抽象理想。回到前面说的文凭主义。韦伯以来的社会学家们常提及一个最能定义官僚制的特征，就是其职员由正式的、不带主观色彩的标准选拔而来，最常见的是通过某种笔试。（也就是说，官僚不像被票选出来的政治人物，但也不该仅仅因为是谁的亲戚就走马上任。）理论上，它们遵循优绩制（meritocracy）；事实上，谁都知道系统有一千种空子可钻。许多人之所以能跻身其列，只因沾了某个亲戚的光，对此，大家心知肚明。共谋成了忠于组织的首要评判标准。职级晋升的基石不在于优绩（merit），甚至未必在于你是谁的亲戚；归根结底，它在于愿意维护“晋升基于优绩”的假象，即便人人都知道并非如此。<sup>27</sup>或者说愿意维护“规章制度面前人人平等”的假象，尽管事实上，规则时常充当个人权力肆意而为的工具。\n\n这便是官僚制向来的运作方式。不过在历史上大部分时间里，它只对在行政系统内活动的人重要，比如中国中古时代有抱负的儒生。其余大多数人实际上需要想到那些组织的时候并不多。他们通常隔几年才会跟它们打交道，上地方税务机关那里登记自己的土地和牲口。但正如我前面指出的，过去两个世纪见证了官僚制的大爆发，尤其在过去三四十年内，官僚制原则扩张到了我们生活的方方面面。这种共谋文化也顺势蔓延开来。我们中的许多人实际上表现得好像自己相信法院真的在以应有的方式处置金融机构，甚至过于严厉了；相信普通公民真的该为透支而承担比那严厉百倍的处罚。由于全社会如今呈现出的面貌是大型的基于文凭证书的优绩制，而非予取予求的体制，因此人人都假装信以为真，争相从中捞取好处。\n\n30","previous_page":29,"next_page":31}