{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","uuid":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","normalized_title":"规则的悖论想象背后的技术愚笨与权力诱惑theutopiaofrulesontechnologystupidityandthesecretjoysofbureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E6%84%9A%E7%AC%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%20%3D%20The%20Utopia%20of%20Rules%20On%20Technology%2C%20Stupidity%2C%20and%20the%20Secret%20Joys%20of%20Bureaucracy","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":67,"pdf_page":66,"physical_index":66,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fbe6e70be1909201b803b76081001c1ac197cc4c47002fc9e057cb06d036f55c"},"chapter":"第一章 想象力的死区：论结构性愚蠢","content":"要素之二是由此引发的同情的认同（sympathetic identification）模式。说来奇怪，是亚当·斯密（AdamSmith）在其《道德情操论》（Theory of Moral Sentiments）中首度观察到了如今被我们称作“同情疲劳”（compassion fatigue）的现象。他提出，正常情况下，人类不仅倾向于想象性地认同自己的同伴，而且会因此自发地体会到彼此的喜悦与悲伤。然而，穷人长期处于悲惨境地，导致原本具备同情心的旁观者不堪重负，只好在不知不觉中完全无视他们的存在。结果就是，处于社会底层的人花费了大量时间去想象顶层的视角并发自内心地在乎他们，而相反的情况几乎从不会出现。\n\n无论探讨的是主人和仆人、男人和女人、雇主和雇员、富人和穷人，结构性不平等，也就是我一直在说的结构性暴力，总是会产生高度一边倒的想象性结构。我认同斯密关于想象往往带来同情的观察，而这样的结果就是，结构性暴力的受害者对受益者的关心往往远超受益者对受害者的关心。这很可能是除暴力本身之外，维系这种关系最强大的力量。\n\n\\*\\* \\*\n\n至此，我可以说回官僚制的问题了。\n\n在当代工业化民主国家，对暴力的合法管理被交给了有着委婉名称的“刑事执法”，主要就是警察的手里。之所以说“委婉”，是因为几代的警察社会学家都指出，警察实际所做的只有很小一部分涉及刑事执法，或者与任何刑事案件沾边。他们的大部分工作关乎法规，说得稍微有技术含量一点就是，关乎科学地运用武力或武力威胁以协助解决行政管理问题。<sup>23</sup>换言之，他们把大部分时间花在执行那些没完没了的规章制度上，包括谁能在哪里买或卖或抽或建或吃或喝什么这种在马达加斯加农村小镇根本不存在的东西。\n\n67","previous_page":66,"next_page":68}