{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title":"数字劳动： 理论前沿与在地经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214266118","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","uuid":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title":"数字劳动： 理论前沿与在地经验","normalized_title":"数字劳动理论前沿与在地经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214266118","isbns":["9787214266118"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":229,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%9A%20%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/search"},"page":{"printed_page":110,"pdf_page":126,"physical_index":126,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a8c017a558565e66d5904b772160738a3134af25312742a2cfce02f6d6850b48"},"chapter":"第五章 全球外包、数字劳动与劳动控制","content":"其次，任务发起者。任务发起者大致可以分为三类。第一类任务发起者是学界的研究者，尤其是人文社会科学类学者，他们把MTurk作为获取社会调查数据的平台。与传统的问卷调查方法相比，MTurk具有被调查者更多样化、数据获取的速度更快、成本更低等特点。①第二类任务发起者是大数据初创企业，这些企业往往在有限资金投入的情况下，利用MTurk提供的大量全球廉价劳动力的智慧和技能，简化业务流程，实现创新，博得资本的青睐和投资。②第三类任务发起者是大型互联网企业(如谷歌)，它们的目标是降低劳动力成本，有效控制企业规模，进而规避因正式员工数量骤增而带来的企业风险。同时，MTurk有利于这些企业增强其数据收集与分析能力，加快机器学习的开发速度。在MTurk，学术研究任务的占比远小于商业性质任务的占比，因此第二类和第三类任务发起者构成了平台发布和众包任务的主体。此外，高度活跃的任务发起者数量大致占总数的10%，但他们众包了平台约98%的任务总量。③\n\n数字劳动：理论前沿与在地经验\n\n①周立君、汪涛：《亚马逊土耳其机器人：科学研究的众包网络平台研究综述》，《科技进步与对策》2014年第8期。\n\n②这与大数据初创企业选择的轻资产战略(即近乎“零劳动力成本”的企业运营战略)密切相关。对于这些企业而言，以相对低廉的价格获取全球劳动力的智慧和技能，加速推进企业劳动力的整体外包和实现更优化的劳动力管理有助于其业务能力的快速拓展与市场估值的持续提升。参见姚建华：《人工智能中的“人工”：众包平台的实践与反思》，《新闻战线》2020年第7期。\n\n③ Schwartz, Oscar. Untold History of AI: How Amazon's Mechanical Turkers Got Squeezed Inside the Machine. IEEE Spectrum, April 22, 2019, https://spectrum. ieee. org/techtalk/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/untold-history-of-ai-mechanical-turk-revisited-tktkt.\n\n110","previous_page":109,"next_page":111}