{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title":"数字劳动： 理论前沿与在地经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214266118","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","uuid":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title":"数字劳动： 理论前沿与在地经验","normalized_title":"数字劳动理论前沿与在地经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214266118","isbns":["9787214266118"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":229,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%9A%20%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/search"},"page":{"printed_page":128,"pdf_page":144,"physical_index":144,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"475efba35802052fecdb227f271d75f34373a3b80c3f49d1d55c72c7f29fc7c2"},"chapter":"第六章 众包新闻、数字劳动与灵活积累","content":"一、众包与众包新闻\n\n（一）众包\n\n美国《连线》(Wired)杂志记者杰夫·豪(Jeff Howe)于2006年首次提出了“众包”的概念，即一个公司或机构把过去由员工执行的工作任务，以自由自愿的形式外包给非特定的(通常是大型的)大众网络的做法。因此“众包”在本质上是“大众”(crowd)和“外包”(outsourcing)的结合。①\n\n在林素芬和林峰看来，众包具有如下特征。第一，众包与开放式创新、开放源、大众生产、用户创造等商业模式相关，并具有参与者范围广泛的特征。第二，众包发包者和参与者既可以是营利性或非营利性的个人(包括专业人员和业余爱好者)，也可以是机构。第三，众包平台有商用类和社会网络、论坛等社交平台类两种，前者包括MTurk、猪八戒等，它们根据发包者的需求提供相应的服务，并向发包者收取一定的管理费用；后者包括脸书、推特等，发包者通过在社交平台上嵌入自己的应用程序来发布任务。②第四，众包的结果具有互惠互利性，即发包者通常以较低的成本获得多样化的解决问题的答案，参与者因完成众包任务而获得物质或精神收益，众包平台(尤其是商用类众包平台)提供服务并收取费用。第五，众包活动的对象具有不确定性，因此众包任务是否能够完成、任务完成质量等相关问题存在一定的不确定性。①\n\n数字劳动：理论前沿与在地经验\n\n① Howe, Jeff. The Rise of Crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 2006(6) : 1 - 5.\n\n②冯剑红、李国良、冯建华：《众包技术研究综述》，《计算机学报》2015年第9期。\n\n128","previous_page":127,"next_page":129}