{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title":"数字劳动： 理论前沿与在地经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214266118","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","id":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","uuid":"7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title":"数字劳动： 理论前沿与在地经验","normalized_title":"数字劳动理论前沿与在地经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214266118","isbns":["9787214266118"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":229,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%9A%20%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7b1ebe25-51ed-420e-89b8-2a8b9a1ca346/search"},"page":{"printed_page":66,"pdf_page":88,"physical_index":88,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b9fb31cd8e7989e8a6c1e1dc0365d49c5face89d3015fa0dd766f6d4469b3eee"},"chapter":"第三章 零工经济、数字劳动与“不稳定无产者”","content":"第三章 零工经济、数字劳动与“不稳定无产者”\n\n克劳斯·施瓦布(Klaus Schwab)在世界经济论坛上首次提出了第四次工业革命的概念。他认为：\n\n历史上的三次工业革命，先用水和蒸汽让生产机械化，再用电力让生产规模化，接着用电子元件和信息技术让生产自动化。第三次工业革命(也就是数字革命)于20世纪中期拉开帷幕，现在，第四次工业革命在其基础上应运而生。技术融合是其一大特点，物理、数字和生物领域之间的界限逐渐趋于模糊。数十亿人通过移动设备彼此相连，这些设备的处理能力、存储容量、知识获取途径都达到了前所未有的水平，为我们带来了无限的可能。在未来，人工智能、机器人、物联网、无人驾驶汽车、3D打印、纳米技术、生物技术、材料科学、能量贮存和量子计算等领域新兴技术的突破，将使人类的可能性成倍增加。①\n\n新科技可能会改变工作和工作场所，加速劳动力的重置(labourdisplacement)，创造新的就业机会，改善人们的生活条件。在此背景下，零工经济(gig economy)迅速发展，大量零工工作孕育而生。在乐观派看来，零工工作可以增加个人储蓄、提高生产力和工作灵活性；而在悲观派看来，零工工作的流行让许多人丢掉饭碗，造成了就业不稳定情况的恶化、部分工作的技能要求下降、各类不平等的加剧，等等。本章从零工经济的全球热潮与零工工作的勃兴切入，阐述零工经济中数字劳工在数字资本主义与劳动力市场弹性机制的共同作用下面临的困境，并在此基础上，从零工经济劳动者、政策制定者和关注零工工作公平性的利益相关者等不同维度出发，探究帮助他们摆脱上述困境的多元化策略，以防止他们沦为盖伊·斯坦丁(Guy Standing)笔下的“不稳定无产者”。\n\n① Schwab, Klaus. The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What It Means and How to Respond. Foreign Affairs, December 12, 2015. https://www. weforum. org/agenda/2016/01/the fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/.\n\n66","previous_page":65,"next_page":67}