{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","uuid":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","isbns":["7532740544"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":501,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":238,"pdf_page":246,"physical_index":246,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c7e7cc83331c81df6de3e5da52a700fd7bfb36913e94b24793a6fefc3ffa9728"},"chapter":"人工智能哲学","content":"汉克斯和麦克德莫特在最近一篇文章中(Hanks and McDermott1985，1986)对这一现象的实例作了详细的考察。我们研究了麦克德莫特有关时态逻辑的简化形式(McDermott1982)，这一形式比先前研究过的非单调系统更加复杂些。我们曾希望证明，从形式系统中真的能够得出我们想要的结论。我们曾期望多重固定点问题能胜过缺省逻辑，但是我们也曾期望划界法是有效的。我们惊异地发现，划界法和缺省公式面临同样的问题，其实回想一下，各种系统之间的相似性是非常显著的，所以不必对此感到奇怪。\n\n所有的逻辑都有这个问题：像“极小化”和“稳定信念集”这样的概念恰恰不适合于时间域。我们想要的非单调规则曾是(非形式地说)“世界的状态趋于保持不受扰动”。所有逻辑得出的结论都使扰动达到极小，但这并不是我们真正想要的。事实上，我们希望的是避免未知原因带来的扰动。\n\n我们曾试图说明：“历程”如果不被后续事件明确“截断”，就会继续下去。看看下面的事件序列：\n\n1. 弗里德出生了 弗里德开始成为活着的\n\n2. 枪装上弹药 枪开始成为装有弹药的\n\n3. 弗里德被击中 弗里德成为死的\n\n我们应该能够得出结论：弗里德现在死了(不幸由于暴力)。但是另一情节能同样成功地使于扰达到极小。在这情形中，事件3发生之前，枪停止装弹药，而这只是为了避免对弗里德的存活造成干扰，别无他因。\n\n人工智能哲学\n\n238","previous_page":237,"next_page":239}