{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","uuid":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","isbns":["7532740544"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":501,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":263,"pdf_page":271,"physical_index":271,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9abe2ced005a30e643f3a0406b078dec3e600db06f831f1d2ca2160d9e1e0cbf"},"chapter":"人工智能哲学","content":"心灵科学理论需要这样的概念吗？\n\n常常有这种看法：虽然像“信念”、“欲望”、“情感”这些概念在个体对他人的认识中起着重要作用，但是形成完备的心灵科学理论，并不需要这些概念。这种看法的极端形式是唯物主义的还原论。但是对于心理学来说，这是难以置信的，这就如同说软件设计的概念可以用那些仅仅与计算硬件有关的概念代替一样。\n\n一个更加精致的提法(S.Rosenschein，SRI，个人通信)是，与信念、欲望、意向等无关的“中间层次”的概念组成了一个全新的集合，这一集合足以使科学理论成功地预见和解释人类和其他智能生物是怎样工作的。看来在对人类行为作出有重要意义的概括时，日常概念不大可能被完全摒弃(Pylyshyn1986)，因此我采取了妥协的立场：我们不是将日常概念全部替换，而是要将其扩充和提炼，从而说明它们怎样同实际的设计规定建立联系。\n\n即使这种理论是错误的，它也可能同涉及人类心理状态和行为的自然语言概念的语义学有着深刻的内在联系。如果是这样，一台能够理解日常语言并能模拟人类的交流方式的机器，至少需要隐含地掌握这一理论。\n\n启示\n\n这些机制并非都能在所有动物中找到。在某些智能较低的物种中，动机的选择很可能无法与发起行动的过程相分离，操作性动机不可能是潜伏的。这种动物和机器缺乏灵活应付复杂环境所需的那些机制，因而上述意义的情感就不可能出现。\n\n10) 动机、机制和情感\n\n263","previous_page":null,"next_page":264}