{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","uuid":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","isbns":["7532740544"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":501,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":300,"pdf_page":308,"physical_index":308,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"481f19ad2d525e61b26fe37124ba34d16e680a948012154874db24ff87827c76"},"chapter":"人工智能哲学","content":"12 联结论、语言能力和解释方式\n\nA·克拉克\\*\n\n1. 解释层次和等价类概念\n\n解释看来是一个多层次的事物。单个现象可以归入一套越来越一般的解释图式。解释往往有所得也有所失，我们用较低层次上详尽的描述/解释力度，来换取较高层次上对适用广度的满足。而在每一个这样的层次上，都存在着优点和缺点。某些解释可能只在某一层次上才有效，但是这样归类的个别情况也会发生变动，变动的方式只有沿着解释的一般性阶梯下降才能得到说明。\n\n举例来说，达尔文或新达尔文的自然选择理论被置于很高的一般性层次。它描绘了一些非常一般的情况，在这些情况下，“盲目”选择能够产生出看起来是目的论的(或有目的的)进化演变。这一奇迹的出现，需要的是根据适应性而建立的特异性繁殖和某种向后代传递种性的机制。这是极具一般性和说服力的思想。因此这种最高层次解释的优点在于，它涵盖了一个由众多事例构成的无界集合，其中所包含的实际机制(如传递机制)可能很不相同。这样，它就定义了一个由许多机制构成的等价集合，即这些机制可能在许多方面都全然不同，但因能够满足达尔文的要求而统一起来。\n\n300","previous_page":299,"next_page":301}