{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","uuid":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","isbns":["7532740544"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":501,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":330,"pdf_page":338,"physical_index":338,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b9a50aabfe3dd7483cedbd9a82b93475d9f3b2ca27709876d4539b9085206701"},"chapter":"人工智能哲学","content":"13 造就心灵还是建立大脑模型：人工智能的分歧点\n\nH·L·德雷福斯和S·E·德雷福斯\\*\n\n在我看来，最大的可能就是有一天人们会达成这种明确见解：在……神经系统中并不存在与特定思想，或是特定观念，或是记忆相对应的摹本。\n\nL·维特根斯坦(Wittgenstein 1948:i. 504(66e))\n\n信息并不是存储在什么特定的地方，而是存储在各个地方。与其说信息是“发现的”不如说是“召来的”。\n\nD·鲁梅哈特和D·诺尔曼\n\n(Rumelhart and D. Norman 1981:3)\n\n50)年代初期，当计算机器正在盛行起来的时候，一些前驱思想家们就开始意识到：数字计算机所能做的不仅仅是嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼数字。那时在可以把计算机看作什么的问题上，出现了两种对立的观点，每一观点都有与之相联系的研究纲领，它们使出浑身解数，以期得到承认。一派把计算机看作操作思想符号的系统；另一派则把计算机看作建立大脑模型的手段。一派试图用计算机来例示对世界的形式表述；另一派则试图用计算机模拟神经元的相互作用。一派把问题求解作为智能的范式，另一派则把学习作为智能的范式。一派利用逻辑学，另一派则利用统计学。在学派上，一个是哲学中理性主义，还原论传统的继承者；另一个则把自己看作理想化的、整体论的神经科学。\n\n330","previous_page":329,"next_page":331}