{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","uuid":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","isbns":["7532740544"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":501,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":340,"pdf_page":348,"physical_index":348,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"66138b2f0b4b7403c51b1d1685f28f26f3b05af6556c37199477c4ad1e731455"},"chapter":"人工智能哲学","content":"写道：\n\n基本的情况是，……虽然明斯基和帕佩尔特对单层感知机所作的分析是完全正确的，但是这些定理不能应用于甚至稍微复杂一点的系统。特别是，这种分析不能用于多层系统或是允许有反馈回路的系统(1986：i.112)。\n\n然而在对感知机所作的结论中，当明斯基和帕佩尔特向自己提出了“你考虑过多层感知机吗？”这个问题时，他们在口头上承认该问题尚未解决，而给人的印象却是已经解决了：\n\n是的，我们已经考虑了Gamba机，它可以被看作“双层感知机”。我们尚未发现(通过思考或是通过研究文献)任何其他一类真正使人感兴趣的多层机，至少那种具有一些看起来与感知机的原理有重要关系的……原理的机器从未发现过。我们认为，对于我们有关增加层数不起作用的直觉判断作出阐释(或是加以驳斥)，将成为重要的研究课题(Minsky and Papert 1969:231-2)。\n\n他们对AI中格式塔思维所作的攻击，其成功的程度已超出他们的梦想。只有引不起注意的少数几个人还在探究这一“重要的研究课题”，其中有S·格罗斯贝格、J·A·安德森和T·科霍宁。的确，差不多所有从事AI的人都认为神经网络已经永远被搁置起来了。鲁梅哈特和麦克莱兰指出：\n\n明斯基和帕佩尔特关于单层感知机局限性的分析，加上符号加工方法在人工智能中的某些早期成就，足以向这一领域中众多的研究者表明，对人工智能和认知心理学来说，感知机式的计算装置是没有前途的(Rumelhart and McClelland 1986：i.112)。\n\n人工智能哲学\n\n340","previous_page":339,"next_page":341}