{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","id":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","uuid":"7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title":"人工智能哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7532740544","isbns":["7532740544"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":501,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7f418071-0fdc-4a5a-a4c5-82dd1979d9c2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":490,"pdf_page":498,"physical_index":498,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fe3f8c4684840b07ffc1bc474d95872cce6c376cf88266883920880776956984"},"chapter":"第15章","content":"意向性(intentionality)。意向性被看作是区分个体的人和机器的根本特征之一：机器和人可以做同样的事情，但是人有意向性，而机器没有。那么，什么是意向性呢？简单说，意向性就是意识的指向性。在多数情况下，人的一举一动，一言一行，都是在意识的引导下完成的。而机器所做的任何事情都只不过是一种机械运行过程，这种过程是人事先指定好的，而不是机器自发产生的。那么主动性能否作为人和机器的本质区别之一呢？从一定意义上说是可以的。没有原发动机，无论完成多么复杂的任务，机器永远只能处在工具的地位上。无论多么能干的机器人，甚至成功地做出人所未曾预料到的事情，也仍然不能改变这一事实：它完成运作的先决条件———始发动力，必须由人从外部输入。人们常常历数计算机的优点：不知疲劳、不为感情所动、不会出现粗心的错误、不受外界干扰—而这一切恰恰是不具有意向性而带有的特征，心绪不佳、感情冲动、注意力分散正是意向性的产物。所以要回答机器是否能完全和人一样地做某些事情，首先要回答的是：机器是否能够具有意向性。\n\n人工智能哲学\n\n490","previous_page":489,"next_page":491}