{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58","title":"贺麟全集 小逻辑","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208077065","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58","id":"814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58","uuid":"814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58","title":"贺麟全集 小逻辑","normalized_title":"贺麟全集小逻辑","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208077065","isbns":["9787208077065"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":409,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B4%BA%E9%BA%9F%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86%20%E5%B0%8F%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/814ecd11-5d1c-4f8a-b6d4-83f989e06c58/search"},"page":{"printed_page":238,"pdf_page":247,"physical_index":247,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"446669c584605569985a57c06b74885563e1f9f2b80b28434cea8a24149bc7ff"},"chapter":"小逻辑","content":"§117\n\n首先，差别是直接的差别或差异(die Verschiedenheit)。所谓差异〔或多样性〕即不同的事物，按照它们的原样，各自独立，与他物发生关系后互不受影响，因而这关系对于双方都是外在的。由于不同的事物之间的差别对它们没有影响，无关本质，于是差别就落在它们之外而成为一个第三者，即一个比较者。这种外在的差别，就其为相关的事物的同一而言，是相等；就其为相关的事物的不同而言，是不相等。\n\n〔说明〕这些规定经知性加以区分到了如此固定的地步，以致比较相等及不相等时，虽说有同样的基础，而相等与不相等也应是在同一基础之上的不同的方面或观点；但知性总是坚持：相等本身只是同一，不相等本身只是差别。\n\n关于同一，有“同一律”，关于差异，也同样有“相异律”的提出，说：“凡物莫不相异”，或者说：“天地间没有两个彼此完全相同之物”。于是任何事物皆可依相异律加上一个差异的谓词，这和依同一律可以给予任何事物以同一的谓词正相反对。因此任何事物皆可加一条与同一律相矛盾的规律。但凡物莫不相异之说，既仅是由外在的比较得来，则任何事物的本身应只是自我同一，因而人们便可以说，相异律与同一律间并无矛盾。但相异既不属于某物或任何物的本身，当然也不构成任何主体的本质规定；这样，所谓相异律是无法加以表述的。假如依照相异律说某物本身即是相异，则其相异乃基于它的固有的规定性。这样，我们所意谓的就不再是广泛的差异或相异，而是指谓一种特定的差别。这也就是莱布尼茨的相异律的意义。\n\n小逻辑\n\n238","previous_page":237,"next_page":239}