{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b","title":"生产力 工业自动化的社会史","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300172651","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b","id":"8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b","uuid":"8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b","title":"生产力 工业自动化的社会史","normalized_title":"生产力工业自动化的社会史","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300172651","isbns":["9787300172651","0394512626"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":459,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%8A%9B%20%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8211d12f-42ae-4ed6-80ed-8c228ba7681b/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"/ 76","pdf_page":90,"physical_index":90,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"335f07a2e07d28394063b0274f6ff6d14fa01ecb146ee7c4214efaa5536e65c3"},"chapter":"第4章 关于自动化工厂的争议","content":"除了这种直接的失业之外，还有一种“沉默的解雇”——公司停止招募新的雇员以补充那些因正常减员而离开的工人。这是引进新技术所造成的一种不那么引人注目但影响深远的后果。那些直接失业的人们丢掉了他们的工龄、工资以及福利。其中一些人只是暂时的失业，后来被重新录用或者能够幸运地找到另一份工作。但对于不那么幸运的人来说，这意味着永久的失业。当时一份名为《工作削减的分析》（The Anatomy of a Work-force Reduction）的研究论文指出，在汉贝尔石油公司（Humble Oil）设在贝敦市的大型炼油厂所解雇的工人中，38%都属于社会学家称之为“长期失业”的那一类。遭受冲击最严重的是黑人、妇女、青年（低于22岁）、老人（超过45岁）以及其他少数族裔。[11]\n\n这家贝敦工厂雇佣的工人从1948年的6725人剧减至1962年的3816人，减少比例为43.5%（是同期美国炼油业工人就业人数下降比例的两倍)。“在总就业人数中就业机会的失去都集中在生产工人这一部分，”该研究指出，“该炼油厂在1948—1962年期间，生产工人的就业机会的下降占总就业人数下降的80%。”并且，“当炼油业的就业机会削减的时候，”作者们指出，“该行业正在大规模地应用高新技术，尤其是自动化控制。”[12]\n\n生产力：工业自动化的社会史\n\n64\n\n/ 76","previous_page":89,"next_page":91}