{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","uuid":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","normalized_title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","isbns":["9787523600474"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":281,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/search"},"page":{"printed_page":154,"pdf_page":158,"physical_index":158,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7fa7398afed60f708a256d97feaf515b1659b0ba132ccb1df82d67a756e79fc6"},"chapter":"第3章分散的工厂：众包工作","content":"将工人定义为“独立承包商”是大多数零工经济平台劳动关系的核心，于是这种劳动关系就被转移到了为标准就业制定的法律法规之外。根据平台的条款规定，独立承包商不享有许多正规雇员的福利，比如带薪假期、病假、产假、保险和失业福利。不仅如此，通过这些按件付费的任务，我们看到了一种似乎已经过时的工资形式：计件工资。\n\n卡尔·马克思曾将计件工资形容为“最适合资本主义生产方式的工资形式”。①尽管在《资本论》写作时，计件工资更为普遍(尤其是在按产出模式组织的家庭手工业中)，随后其在资本主义的历史中被逐渐边缘化。但事实证明，马克思对计件工资的描述有助于理解其在网络劳动和其他领域中的功能。计件工资制度和评估、控制劳动成果的数字化，消除了操控、监督工人的需要。“由于工作的质量和强度在这里是由工资来控制的，因而劳动监管在很大程度上是多余的”，马克思指出。②尤其是在微任务方面，工作完成的速度和时间都由工人决定。工作的持续时间和强度直接反映了众包工人能够创造的收人。从这个意义上来说，在工作量与花费时间的问题上，工厂所有者和监工与工人之间的冲突会被转移到工人身上。马克思展示了计时工资和计件工资在历史上是如何共存的，有时甚至能在一家工厂内共存。计件工资作为一种劳动密集化的形式，以及一种控制劳动过程的替代形式，其特殊性是众包工作过程的重要组成部分。\n\n1数字工厂 1\n\n①Marx, Capital, voL 1, 698.\n\n②Marx, Capital, vol, 1, 695.\n\n154","previous_page":153,"next_page":155}