{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","uuid":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","normalized_title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","isbns":["9787523600474"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":281,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/search"},"page":{"printed_page":163,"pdf_page":167,"physical_index":167,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3fcc042c011f474b76e320f24867aaaacc917de562240c7a4ce9b2bbe0b1199b"},"chapter":"第3章分散的工厂：众包工作","content":"数字技术和基础设施为数字劳动外包到工人家中开辟了新的可能。不过，以家庭为基础的工作并不是什么新鲜事，有着悠久的历史。举个例子，19世纪的女性缝纫工作就是居家工作的一种模式。马克思在《资本论》中曾以英格兰的蕾丝制作和稻草编制为例，这些工作主要是由从业者家中的女性和儿童完成的。马克思写道，“手工业生产”已经成为“工厂的外部部门”。除了工厂里的产业工人、“资本还通过无形的线发动了另外一支军队：手工业生产中的外包工人”。①在对这种制度的描述中，马克思将计件工资描述为现代居家劳动的基础。在纺织业和其他以女性从业者为主的行业中，情况正是如此。这些性别分工形式及其社会、空间组织形式是如今零工经济的重要先驱，应当被置于研究谱系之中。\n\n有趣的是，某些降低有偿居家工作价值的策略也表现出了历史的连续性。家庭作为工作场所，允许生育与照管工作相结合，助长了那些把缝纫——或者可以说是微任务——当作乐趣、不需要适当收入的“无聊家庭主妇”的神话。一家德国公司的首席执行官在讨论工资和人们为何要在他的平台上工作时与我争论道：“他们这样做是为了好玩儿。很多人坐在家里的电视机前，看着《德国群星》(DSDS，一档受欢迎的电视节目）就顺手为图片做好了分类。”①\n\n1第3章|分散的工厂：众包工作\n\n①Marx, Capital, vol. 1, 591.\n\n163","previous_page":162,"next_page":164}