{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","uuid":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","normalized_title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","isbns":["9787523600474"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":281,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/search"},"page":{"printed_page":52,"pdf_page":56,"physical_index":56,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"797b4654fa5d31d58bdafd1a83edb82e78e237beba721f061dff58cb6ddc0d43"},"chapter":"第1章","content":"是我工作的声音。”①\n\n1974年6月26日8点01分，俄亥俄州特洛伊的马什超市收银员莎伦·布坎南（Sharon Buchanan）扫描了10包箭牌多汁水果口香糖。这标志着通用商品条码（UPC）的首次商业化应用。如今，这种条形码仍旧是大多数扫描技术的基础。条形码系统基于莫尔斯电码，自20世纪40年代以来就已经存在，但直到布坎南使用的激光扫描仪被发明出来后才开始大规模生效。不过，关键点与其说是技术的发明，不如说是生产商和零售商之间的技术标准化。在以哪种条形码体系为标准的问题上，行业条形码选择委员会曾有所分歧。对于他们的努力，委员会前主席艾伦·哈勃曼（Alan Haberman）表示：“这一小小的进步……建立了一个庞大的框架，改进了规模、速度以及服务，在减少浪费的同时提高了效率。这个不起眼的小进步就像一座倒置的金字塔的塔尖，一切都由它扩散开来。”③如今，每天都有数百万家公司以各种方式扫描数十亿份条形码，识别运输、邮寄和个人购物过程中的物品。这种为机器而非人眼设计的条形码是代码与标准化力量的显著例证。亚马逊的订单履行中心证明，条形码不仅是一种识别技术，也是物流媒介技术的典范，有助于在时间和空间中追踪物体的动向（如下文所述，还可以追踪工人)。\n\nI数字工厂|\n\n①在柏林对亚马逊布里斯朗订单履行中心某工人的采访，2015年5月。\n\n②关于二维码的历史，可参见 Nelson, Punched Cards to Bar Codes.\n\n③引自Dodge and Kitchin, “Codes of Life,\" 859.\n\n052","previous_page":51,"next_page":53}