{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","id":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","uuid":"8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title":"数字工厂","normalized_title":"数字工厂","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787523600474","isbns":["9787523600474"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":281,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8775e0ee-45b3-49e0-9051-2909d31de8ea/search"},"page":{"printed_page":76,"pdf_page":80,"physical_index":80,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"52ffe5f556efeab3344c85e6d20b7f3e065707833055e03738a12f7329335990"},"chapter":"第1章","content":"软件设立的绩效指标会给驾驶员造成压力。“我们掌握了驾驶员的数据，知道他们的驾驶速度有多快，刹车踩得有多狠。”UPS的车辆工程总监戴夫·斯宾塞(Dave Spencer）在接受某商业杂志采访时坦言，“司机在给我们造成损失之前就得改掉他的坏习惯”。①凭借工会的力量，劳资双方达成了一项协议，禁止UPS根据远程通信软件评估的低绩效结果解雇工人，但UPS还是找到了绕过这项协议的方法。许多工人都报告称，自己承受着指标带来的压力。UPS驾驶员也报告称，经理们会拿出他们的业绩细节报表，要求他们提高交付数量。安装在卡车内部的传感器让经理们能够仔细检查驾驶员的每一次休息时间，甚至总结其驾驶风格。一名驾驶员在一次轮班期间产生的所有数据报表就多达40页。驾驶员经常要被迫向经理证明自己中途去了厕所，就连轻微的违规行为也要解释。\n\nUPS采用的算法管理技术还有另外一个重要特征，被称为“道路优化与导航”(ORION)的导航和路径规划系统。ORION软件解决了一个乍看十分简单，其实非常复杂的问题：找到连接多个空间点的最短路径。即便地址的数量很少，选项的数量也会快速增加。这个问题在19世纪被称为“旅游推销员问题”(TSP)，目前已成为复杂理论、应用数学、算法理论和计算地理学的重要课题。想要用人力计算出一条需要经停很多次的最佳路线，几乎是不可能的。①但ORION储存了超过2.5亿个地址点位。一辆UPS厢式货车一天经过的点位通常只能涵盖其中的100多个。这就是ORION算法能够轻松解决TSP问题的原因。而且，ORION是一种学习型算法，可以根据货车的自动反馈运行，提供区域内的实时地图。②这些地图是把城市理解为时间轴的关键，体现了算法驱动下的物流在城市空间生产中的重要性。\n\n1数字工厂1\n\n① Frank, \"How Telematics Has Completely Revolutionized the Management of Fleet Vehicles.\"\n\n076","previous_page":75,"next_page":77}