{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":18,"pdf_page":22,"physical_index":22,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a6e90521a359ad3e949b103e1e8e1973b46e508b587cf1cea4c8a001c83791b8"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"以外，各数均可由“兩”作为可塑材料①，随意制成。\n\n9881 事实拜不如此；这不是一个健全的理論。他們使通式只一次創成，而許多事物可由物質制出，然而我們所見到的則是一桌由一物質制成，那制桌的虽只一人，却于每桌各应用了桌式而制出許多5桌来，牡牝的关系也类此；牝一次受精，一次怀孕，而牡則使許多牝受孕;这些可与那些原理相比拟。\n\n柏拉图对于这些問題就这样主張；照上述各节，显然他只取雨因，本因与物因②。通式为其它一切事物所由成其为事物之怎是，  \n10而元一則为通式所由成其为通式之怎是〈本因>；这也明白了，通式之于可威觉事物以及元一之于通式，其所涵拟的底层物質〈物因>是什么，这就是“大与小”这个“兩”。还有，他也象他的前輩，如恩  \n15培多克勒与阿那克薩哥拉⑧一样，分別以善因与惡因配屬于兩項要理。\n\n章七\n\n我們簡略地重敍了前人所说的原理与实是，以及他們的大旨；我們虽已获益良多，但他們所言原理或原因，在我們的“物学”中④20都已指明，他們虽各有所涉及，内容还都是浮泛的。有些人以物質为基本原理，而对这些物質又各有不同的观点，有些人主張物質只有一种，有些人則認为不止一种，有些人認为物質具有实体，有些\n\nA6\n\n938 3\n\n①xuaγeicv譯“可塑材料”亦可澤“原模”，原义有如字模以为模而制成。柏拉图“蒂迈欧”50C曾用此字。“未定之兩”詳見第十三，十四卷。数論或意式数論，以“一”(有限、有定、奇数)为制数之式因；以未定之兩(卽未定之“大与小”或某量，亦卽无定、无限者)为制数之物因，卽材料。譬如一綫在未定时，雨端可作无尽伸縮。迨制定“二”綫段为之标准而在那未定幾上划取若干綫段，此“若干”卽成为有定之列数。\n\n②柏拉图“对話”中屡提及动因<效因〉，例如“施肆家”265B-D，“蒂迈欧”28C以下全节；又屡提及极因，例如“非拉菩”20D,53E，“蒂迈欧”29D以下全节。但亞氏于这些未加重視。\n\n③見上文 984b 15—19,985a 32-b4.\n\n④見“物学”卷二，章三，章七。\n\n18","previous_page":17,"next_page":19}