{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":217,"pdf_page":221,"physical_index":221,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fc424b864c05e081e58565aa514d208ed1148a21ed181dec08f3a0fb906ca038"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"1062a\n\n是其中那一事物。于是誰說“这是而又不是”，他就否定了他所肯定的事物，这字原义“如此”者，他說这“不如此”；这是不可能的。，所以“这是”虽然指明了某事物，这就确乎再不能用以代表那与它20相反<矛盾>的事物。①\n\n又，假如肯定了这字标征某物，此字此物就作成必需的联系；凡必需为“是”的就不該“不是”。所以要想确乎相反地肯定而又否定同一主題是不可能的。倘以肯定与否定为同样真实，那么誰25說“人”与誰說“非人”也同样真实。这似乎再說“此人是非馬”比之“此人是非人”拜不会更真确或更不真确，而且可說“非馬”也就可說此同一人“是馬”；因为这先會假定了相反敍述可能同样真实。\n\n30于是跟着来的是：这同一人是人，是馬，又或是任何其它动物。③\n\n对于这些通則，这里虽沒有做出完全充分的証明，可是也足够各別反駁那些任意造作假想的人了。也許依照这方式盤問赫拉克利特自己，就可逼迫他承認同一主題永不能以兩相反的說明为一35样真实。但是他竟作出了这样主張，拜不了解自己的主張实际包062b含些什么。④如果他所說确屬真理，則不仅同一事物將可以同时是而又不是，还得这样发展下去：試将这样的敍述拆开为各个單独肯定与單独否定均应同为真实—再复合起来成为一个综合敍5述——这样的綜合肯定也將与粽合否定一样真实。⑤又，假如一定理不能确乎肯定任何事物，—它所肯定的只是：正不必确乎是正，反不必确乎是反——这样的定理自身就应是假的。⑥世上苟\n\nK5\n\n①参看卷Γ，1006a18—1007a20。\n\n②参看卷I，1006b28—34。\n\n③参看卷Γ，1007b18—100832。\n\n④参看卷Γ，1005b23—26。\n\n⑤参看卷Γ，100826-7。\n\n⑨参看卷T，1012b13—18。\n\n217","previous_page":null,"next_page":218}