{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":237,"pdf_page":241,"physical_index":241,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"21e4f06987d3adc6d6f2d600dc8eb8821a77f333f95439560a1bfd39b91b7068"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"卷（A）十二®\n\n章一\n\n我們研究的主題是本体；我們所探討的正是本体的原理与原  \n20因。倘宇宙为一整体〈完物>，本体就是这整体的第一部分；倘这整体只是各部分的串联，本体便当在序次上为第一，其次为質，繼之以量。同时后兩者实际上只是本体的秉賦与动变，幷非全称实是、—將这些也算作实是，“不白”“不直”之类便也成为实是；至少我  \n25們有时也得說“这里是一个不白的”。又，除了本体而外，其它各范疇均不能独立存在。早期古哲学家也习知本体的原始性；他們所勤求的也正是本体的原理，要素与原因。現代思想家②趋向于以普遍<共相>作本体（由于他們的研究趋重于抽象，因而凡成为科屡  \n30的普遍事物，他們就敍为原理与本本);但古代思想家却將个别(殊分>事物，如火如土者，列为本体，不把它們的共通物身当作本体。本体有三类。—可感觉本体支分为二，其一为永恆，其二为可灭坏：(后者为常人所共識，包括动植物在内：)于可灭坏本体，我  \n35們必須鑽研其要素，无論要素只是一种或是有多种；另一为不动变本体，某些思想家認为这不动变本体可以独立存在，有些又把不动变本体分为兩，这雨者即通式与数理对象，而另一些思想家考量了  \nb这兩者，認为只有数理对象是不动变本体。③前兩类本体为物学主\n\n①卷，为一独立專篇。此卷論涉神学者特多，素为拉丁学者所特重。第八章言天交各节該是亞氏晚年手笔（参看耶格尔[Jaeger]“亚里士多”366一379)。此卷从章三开篇兩句，章五开篇一句看来，似为亞氏自备講稿之簡录；末章有明显的講堂語气。\n\n②指柏拉图学派，論本体而特重非感覚本体。\n\n③不动变本体三家不同論点为柏拉图主于“意式”(卽“通式”)，齐諾克拉底主“通式”与“数理对象”，与斯沙雪浦主于“数理对象”。参看卷乙章二与卷M章二。\n\n237","previous_page":236,"next_page":238}