{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":300,"pdf_page":304,"physical_index":304,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2a6be49eea39fef07fd6f98eb7ca149f895b41a23c2053df4f194faa4089b3e2"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"复这問題，說善与美只在自然業已有些进境之后才得出現于事物1091b之中。（他們这样做是旨在避免有些人以“元…”为第一原理所遭遇的訾議。引起異議的实际拜不因为他們以善为第一原理之屬性，而是由于他們把一当作制数的要素使之成为一个原理，这才引起了異議，老詩人們說，君临宇宙而統治万有的，已不是那些代表宇宙原始力量的夜与天①或混沌②，或奥基安《海洋〉③，而是宙斯④，这里他們的詩情符合于这思想。这些詩人这样說，正因为他們想到世界的統治者是在变換；至于那些全不用神話語調的人們.10例如費勒色特⑤与某些人，就合併了善与美而以“至善”为原始的創造者：麦琪們⑥与較晚出的先哲們亦复如是，例如恩培多克勒与阿那克薩哥拉：前者以友爱为要素之一，后者以理性为第一原理。执持有不变本体存在的人，有些人說本一亦即本善；但他們認为本15 善的性質以元一为主。\n\n于是，兩說孰是？假如基本而永恆的，最为自足的事物竟然拌不主要地賦有“善”这样最自足自持的素質，这正該詫異了。事物之自足而不灭坏者，除由于其本性之善而外，实在找不到其它緣20由。所以，說善是第一原理，宜必不錯；;若說这原理該就是元一，或說若非元一，至少，亦应是列数的一个要素，这些都是不可能的。为了避免强烈的反对意見，有些人放棄了这理論⑦（那些人主張一为要素亦为第一原理的人，从此便將“二”限为数学之数的原理与要\n\nN4\n\n1691 b\n\n①奥非克宗以宇宙始于夜与天。\n\n②宇宙原先屬于混沌，見希蕭特“原神”116。\n\n③“海洋”种見荷馬“伊里埃”第十四卷201。\n\n④参看卷Λ,1071b26。\n\n⑤满洛人費勒色特(Pherecydes of Syros)(約公元前 600—525)以宙斯为三鼠神之一。（参看第尔士“先苏格泣底”201,202。)費为泰勒斯弟子。\n\n⑥麦琪(0: Máyol)为波斯查罗亞斯德宗价侶阶級。\n\n⑦如斯泮雪浦，不复坚持元一与本善为相同。\n\n300","previous_page":299,"next_page":301}