{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":368,"pdf_page":372,"physical_index":372,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4f2f72e71447b69402f874511ad66606e0b550f7bd0580a44c542ba25c7887dd"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"(11)埃利亞学派。相反于伊雄学派的动变論，埃利亞学派建立了不变的“实是”(τó ǒv)。亞里士多德謂一元論始出于哥罗封的曲艺家齐諾芳尼，他虽以歌詠为業而能作名学辯析，于宇宙原理主靜主一，譏訕当代多神习俗，主張归于一神(θos)。埃利亞的巴門尼德(盛年約公元前485)习知自然哲学与数論，紹述了齐氏的名学辩証。他想到人們苟有所思，必有实指的事物存在于思想之中，“无是物”就无可認識，无可思索；所以字宙間应无“非是” $( \\mu \\dot { \\eta } \\dot { o } \\nu )$ ，而万物之各是其是者必归于一是。巴氏摆脫了古希臘的神秘情調，也越出了自然学派的物質世界，他勘落爱非斯学派的动变观念，也否定某些多元思想，主张宇宙常住(永恆)，常靜(不动)，有限，万物本于“元一” $\\overleftrightarrow { \\epsilon } \\nu \\ [ \\pmb { \\mathscr { x } } \\pmb { \\alpha } \\pmb { \\tilde { \\mathscr { x } } } \\ \\pmb { \\tilde { \\alpha } } \\pmb { \\nu } ] ,$ )，始于一，終于一；万象幻化非世界实义。这些就是巴門尼德教諭詩篇中所釋的“真道” $( \\lambda ( \\gamma \\kappa )$ 巴氏虽在哲学思想上引向于非物質境界，他对自然間实物的敍述，还是承認感性世界的紛歧与万物的众多的。他的門弟子芝諾就独重抽象思考，輕薄事物，專务純理論，在空实、动靜、无限有限、时間、运动等观念論題上作出細致的分析；芝諾确乎可称为辯証家(δu\\∈xx-os)。一元論派自齐氏之一于“神”，巴氏之一于“名”(道)，至芝諾而一于“实”(πλ∈ν)，凡三傅而所一者三变。这三变与自然学家于物質上所的水气火之三变相似。\n\n368","previous_page":367,"next_page":369}