{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":370,"pdf_page":374,"physical_index":374,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b397186335083b5b50acb9d731282311f7956b6739e1a2f92ce99f7eef580a9e"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"(14)意大利数論派。薩摩的毕达哥拉斯(盛年公元前532)的生平蔽于种种傳說，后世也难以明其真际。約在公元前530年，他离乡至意大利，卜居克洛頓城，在那里創立了一个宗教团契，奉行奥非克宗，守着某些齋戒，进行天文的观察、記录与推算。毕氏为西方数理先师，其門弟子也一直以数理傳宗。毕氏思想的概要：(1)灵魂輪回說(μ∈τ∈μψúχωσιs)，每个灵魂均由于无明志業，从神界降生世界，或为人畜或为鳥魚，历經輪回，净化了的灵魂就可复归神天。世間兴衰应于天象变化，人天兩道为相关的有机組合。(2)万物皆原于一(ěvós)，万物亦合于一，一者整体，有限。一与多、奇与偶、有限与无限为对成，万物从一，从奇，从有限，以各成其为事物。(3)物体組成皆凭数比，数比即創造的秘密：生物由此以得其身命；琴絃由此以成其和声。八度音程的比例一向傳說是毕达哥拉斯发明的(宮調C2:1，徵G3:2,变徵F4:3)。天体有常規的运行，万物有盛衰的节奏，皆有数 $( \\dot { \\alpha } \\rho \\iota \\theta \\mu \\dot { \\omega } 5 )$ 存乎其間，得其数便得有自然的秘密。\n\n数論学派列卵石为“四陣图”（图一)，这图共十点，三边，底数  \n各四；三面看来，都是四行。四陣图表明数由一  \n生二，进于三四，止于十，十为数限；逐行的比例  \n是：1:2,2:3,3:4，即乐律 $( \\dot { \\alpha } \\rho \\mu \\dot { \\zeta } \\nu \\omega )$ 。数的德  \n性为完全、匀称、諧和，三者天心所示亦人心所  \n求。数論派就把这样的数应用于各門学术。古 (图一)  \n时計数未有符号，也沒有0，更无算式，有所交易，有所諭說，就列  \n卵石以明其数。数論派把数联系于几何图形，1、2、3、4分别代  \n表点、綫，面、体(1090b23)(图二)。亦即决定这些形狀所需要的最\n\n370","previous_page":369,"next_page":371}