{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":374,"pdf_page":378,"physical_index":378,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"63d2cb94d1cce95982358dbcb3e5d80c429cfe686660781e799d731f59075e9d"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"柏拉图認为計点事物的数可以脱离那一堆事物而成为本2、本3等意式数（象数）这些象数若作为自然数来应用，便无庸营議。意式論者有时超过这些想法，企图从数上找出它实际不具备的特質，这常引人入于幻誤。他們于意式数与可感觉事物的計点数之間另設一系列的間体数，也是过度的虚拟。柏拉图从可威覚物形态上看，很少有准确的几何图形，但儿何却在处理那些理想的“象形”，他比照着，推想在数上亦应有类此的“象数”。这些象形有独立存在，那些象数也应独立存在。这些都难作成确解。数学家过度重視数的作用，这在各民族文化发展史上是相同的。柏拉图学院的繼承者們重数学过于哲学，几乎忽忘了先师的“意式”，而以“象数”为“基本实是”。亞氏因此不憚煩的反复申述哲学研究的范圍，慎重指明大家所要考察的本体应为星辰、生物以及自然万有，而不該是数和图形与意式；数与图形只是数理各門中的專門材料。\n\n(二)亞里士多德的思想体系\n\n(18)亞里士多德作为一个思想家，其主要成就在于名学分析；他用几何論証方式或归謬法使人見到各家立論或假設之悖解处，常是簡明而銳利；批評諸先哲时，常能洞中前人的弱点。有些辯难，今人看来或覚煩瑣，在古时則这些都是被重視的問題。我們已知道“哲学”的編成是多年間断續的論文、講稿或笔記的汇合；文內多套語，保留着講堂气味。哲学議論要求精审而又务广涵，故造句甚为繁复。运用古代不丰富的字汇作析微闡幽的功夫，精萃的論断与反复的叮寧往往互見。列宁在“哲学笔記”中尝称誉亞氏的思想条理能够摧毁柏拉图唯心主义和一切唯心主义，但在許多問題的辯証中也陷于質朴的混乱。我們若发現这書中一些不符的行文与晦澀的句逗，应該不足深異。全書粽合而論，大致貫串而且具备着哲学論文上应有的細致。\n\n374","previous_page":373,"next_page":375}