{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"3c5","pdf_page":369,"physical_index":369,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7873691570cc65b6fc9bd0ed741a9c95e34dbb9b18677ca80ce7acfdb9fd72c9"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"(5)正在这些时候，欧洲兴起了新学，在思想上逐渐突破文化知識的傳統体系。亞氏自然哲学上許多观念均被怀疑。1590年意大利的一位数学教师伽里略在碧沙的斜塔上所作鉛球下墜实驗，就旨在否定亞氏物理学中一条錯誤規律。欧洲一般学生从此不再認眞修习亞氏学課，象牛津学者霍布士(Hobbes，1588—1679)竟公然加以詆毁了。事实上賢哲輩生，罗吉尔·培根、弗蘭西斯·培根、哥伯尼、伽里略、牛顿、拉瓦錫、达尔文等都在思想方法与实际研究中越出了前人的藩籬，发現了更新鮮的花草，或是爬上了更高的峯巒，因而望見了更远的地平綫。亞里士多德在自然科学方面的权威似乎可以在十七世紀以后加以結束，讓他的著作保留为世界学术发展史上丰富而且可貴的材料。\n\n可是亞氏許多名詞、术語、观念已深入西方各門学术与人生和宇宙思想之中。十八世紀，不少抱殘守關的人相信这些古典仍然有启发人类思緒的作用。近代日耳曼哲学家，写出了不少鉅著，其中可見到亞氏名学哲学的影响仍然重大。文艺界原来保持着对“修辞学”的尊敬，“詩学”殘篇于这—世紀又特别风行。“哲学”1053a頁5—14行言及天体运动均匀而有規律，那么租成运动的时間与距离之單位，就該在天体运动上覓取。十九世紀許多的科学家在实践这样一一句陈言，做了長久辛勤的努力；我們現用的标准时間与标准度量就是根据近代天文記录与地球經綫測量来制訂的。在生物学方面，亞氏虽用“目的論”否定恩培多克勒的“进化論”，但在解剖、分类、胚胎学上，他实际是进化論的先导。所以达尔文(1809一\n\n3c5","previous_page":368,"next_page":370}