{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":40,"pdf_page":44,"physical_index":44,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"20ceaf8e69c39c93fc23619179098221054d9a1aa1aebccbc2b8bdd174b0e537"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"5其极因是房屋所实現的作用，其物因是土与石，其本因是房屋的定义。从我們以前对于这問題的討論①来判断，四因都可以称为智慧的学术。至于其中最高尚最具权威的，应推极因与善因之学，終\n\n10极与本善具有慧性，一一万物同归于終极而复于本善，其它学术只是它的婢女，必須为之附从而不能与相違忤。但照先前关于本体的討論②則事物之怎是为最可知的原理，而式因便应最接近于知慧。因为人們可以从許多方面認知同一个事物，凡是以事物的“如此如\n\n15此”而認取一事物的人，較之以其“不如此不如此”而認取事物者，其为認識宜較充分；以事物之如此如此来認取事物的一类人，又須有所分别，凡获知事物之“怎是”者于認識事物最为充分，至于那些凭量，或質，或自然所加或所受于此事物之其它事項来認取事物的\n\n20人不会有最充分的認識。又，于一切其它諸例，我們意为对于每一事物，卽便这是可得为之証明的事物，也必須得知其怎是而后才能認識其存在，例如說何謂“使<長方形>成方”，答复是，“在<長方形的>長短边上求得一个适当中数《作为正方的边〉”；其它一切情况也相似。我們知道了动变来源也就知道动作与变化及每一动变的  \n25发展；而这有異于終极，也相反于終极。那么，这些似乎該得有几門学术来分别研究几类原因®。\n\n(二)但說到实証之原理和原因，它們是否属于一門或数門学术原为可爭論的問題。我所指实証原理就是大家都据以进行証明的一些通則，例如“每一事物必須肯定或否定”，以及“事物不能同\n\nB2\n\n936 b\n\n①参考卷A,982a8—19.\n\n②参考同卷982a30一b2。\n\n③396a 18-b20 可参考卷K,1059a 20—23(其中 996a 21—b 1 可考1059a34一38).\n\n40","previous_page":39,"next_page":41}