{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":89,"pdf_page":93,"physical_index":93,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f666be32b6bc8f5613bcd358720ce852950f65760c80e7e5d15135d6d0a4f2e0"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"10而論，靑銅是原始物質，但就广义而論，也許应說水是原始物質.因为凡是可熔性物質<包括青銅>都是水。(六)引伸本性在这方面的命意，則每一怎是都可称为本性，每一事物的本性均屬某一级类的怎是<事物之所由成为事物者》。\n\n从以上所說的看来，这已明白，“本性”的基本含义与其严格解15釋是具有这类动变淵源的事物所固有的“怎是”;物質之被称为本性<自然>者就因为动变凭之得以进行；生長过程之被称为本性，就因为动变正由此发展。在这意义上，或则潛存于物内或則实現于物中，本性就是自然万物的动变淵源。\n\n章五\n\n20 我們說“必需”<必然〉(一)(甲)一事物，若无此条件，就不能生存；例如动物必需呼吸与食品；因为沒有这些，它是不能生存的：(乙)若无此条件，善不能生存，惡不能免去；例如我們要疗疾就必25 需服药，人欲經商获利①就必需航行爱琴海中。（二)凡阻碍或抑止自然脲动与要求的强迫行动与强迫力量我們也說这是“必需的”；这样的必需是痛苦的，欧維諾②說：“一切必需品常是可厌  \n30的”。而强迫就是“必需”的一种形式，索福克里③說：“可是强力迫得我做了这样的事”。这样的“必需”既相反于自然要求与人类理性，遂又被認是无法避免的事情。（三)我們說，除了这样，别无它  \n35途，这就是“必需”，必需的其它一切含义都由兹衍生：一事物在接  \n15b受或在做着它所必需做的事情，只是因为某些强迫力量迫得它不能照自己的脈博来活动；因为有所必然，事物就不得不然。关于\n\n1015d\n\n① iγ απoλáβn(为了牟利),旧本作μìàπoβaλrý或uìenλri，詮釋家解謂“免得財物被圾”，系指在公元前480年雅典因东方有警，居民相率携帶財物上船入海避难事。\n\n②見希勒編“殘篇”8。欧摊諾(Evenus)为朴罗詩人，約与苏格拉底同时。亞斯克来比謂欧为詭辯学派。 ●\n\n③語見索福克里詩剧“埃来克特拉”(Electra）256行(剧本原文微異)。\n\n89","previous_page":88,"next_page":90}