{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":95,"pdf_page":99,"physical_index":99,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"476df89ca95e768c5fa11138c42576642ab173b9098b678a5aab0a8d402c531c"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"10 我們称为“本体①的(一)是單純物体，如土、火、水之类、和一般由此类單純物体組成的事物，包括动物与鬼种②，和它們的各个部分。所有这些都被称为本体，因为它們不为别的主题作云謂.而别的事物却为它們作云謂。(二)是那些内在的事物，虽不标指  \n15着主題，却是使事物所由能成为“实是”的原因，例如魂是动物所由.成为“实是”的原因。(三)是那些事物中所存在的部分，凭这些部分作范限与标記而后事物才得成为独立个体，而这些部分若毁灭，那些事物也全毁灭，例如有些人說③，失其面則体不立，失其綫則  \n20面不成；那些人于“数”也認为有类此的本性；因为他們說，失其数則万物不存，万物皆因数以成其范限，（四)“怎是”，其公式卽定义，这也被称为各事物的本体。\n\n这么，“本体”可有二义：(甲)凡屬于最底层而无由再以别一事物来为之說明的，(乙)那些然成为一个“这个”，也就可以分离而独立④的一一这里第二义并以指說各个可独立的形狀或形式。\n\n章九\n\n“同”的命意(一)是从屬性上說的，例如“白”与“文明的”其所同在于都作为某物的屬性；“人”同于“文明的”是因为一物是另  \n30.物的屬性；“文明的”同于“人”則因“文明”为“人”的屬性。“实是”的同体复合应相同于各單体，各單体的实是应互同拜档同于实是的复合，“这人”与“这文明的”相同于“这文明的人”；“这个”亦与那些相同。所以这些敍述是沒有普遍性的；你如說“所有的人全都文  \n85明”这就不确实了；(因为普遍性出于事物的本性，而屬性仅偶然从\n\n1017b\n\nΔ8\n\n① oiσin与 δv同出一字根：卽动字“是”，已見卷Γ章一註②。十九世紀初泰劳英譯本用拉丁語譯作 essentia（怎是，所是）。近代英譯大都用 substance（本体）或 essence来譯此字。essence譯义等于“怎是”郎此章所举本体之第四义。\n\n②δαiμ”一字亞氏書中极少見，或譯“神物”，或譯“鬼物”。\n\n③指毕达哥拉斯学派与柏拉图。\n\n④参看卷H,1042a29。\n\n95","previous_page":94,"next_page":96}