{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":98,"pdf_page":102,"physical_index":102,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c1d6d2916b5f285095e55725f93b95fbef3e7a9ba5db9bdbb1eba083a7f5db8e"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"章十一\n\n“先于”与“后于”②应用于(一)甲)事物之較近于某些起点，(假  \n10定每一級事物各有其起点，卽准始)，这起点或出于自然，以絕付事物为准，或以某事物或某地点或某人为准；如說某物在空間位置上先于某物，卽較近于某处，这某处或为自然体系所确定（如說在中間或在最末位置)，或是以某一偶然事物为准；說某事物为“后于”，即較远于那个为准的某事物。(乙)其它事物在时間上說“先于”；  \n15有些是因为較远于現在，即过去事件，特罗亞战爭“先于”波斯战争，因为那是去今較远；有些則因为較近于現在，卽將来事件，例如說尼米亞賽会“先于”比色亞賽会，③我們將現在作为一个起点，凡较近于这起点的就說是“先于”。(丙)其它事物，因較近于原动者，  \n20在动变上說“先于”，例如小孩“先于”成人；至于原动者的动变則由自己开始而是絕对的。(丁)其它事物，因为它权能超越，就在权能上說“先于”，亦卽是以权能較大的为“先于”；这样凡是“后于”的必需跟从“先于”的意旨；“先于”〈先天〉令动，“后于”〈后天>就动；在  \n25这里，意旨就是起点。(戊)其它事物，又有在“序列”上說是“先于”的；这些是依照某些规律，以某一特定事物为准来安排各个事物，\n\nΔ 11\n\n1018b\n\n①这一分句辞意模糊，一向沒有滿意的解釋。亞历山大認为亞里士多德意指实物如土与水之为别井非相反，而火与水之为别則为相反；这雨种分别本身就有所不同。歪斯克来比認为这分句所指的可以人为例，人与人本性相同，而冷暖有異。罗斯認为可以同一事物在不同时間中前后的变異为例。\n\n②πoóreya（先于)，fστepα（后于）兩前置詞在邏輯上用作名詞时，卽被譯成“先天”与“后天”。照麦洪(M'Mahon)英譯本作 priority and subs.quent，則可譯为“先因”与“后果”。\n\n③希腊賽会可参考卜德：“希腊掌故”(Potters, Gr. Antiquities),卷二，21—25單。\n\n98","previous_page":97,"next_page":99}