{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","id":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","uuid":"88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title":"形而上学","normalized_title":"形而上学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7100011361","isbns":["7100011361"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":383,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/88efeb70-2043-4122-a461-fbf8384bb0fc/search"},"page":{"printed_page":99,"pdf_page":103,"physical_index":103,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"81fa6df04f9920bb2282142f8f4fa29ef7e9e7a4ead9b27a30432aeed3e6bda1"},"chapter":"形而上学","content":"例如在合唱中，第二歌者①先于第三，在豎琴上鄰末絃先于末絃；因为在合唱中，是以第一歌者为领导，而在豎琴上則以中絃为音准②。\n\n80 除了上述的意义称为“先于”外，(二)另一意义是凡“先于”認識的也絕对地作为“先于”；这些定义上“先于”的拜不在感觉上也相应是“先于”。在定义上以普遍为“先于”；关于感觉，则以个别为“先于”。又，在定义上，屬性“先于”整体，例如“文明的”应“先于”  \n85“文明人”，因为定义不能沒有各个部分以成其整体；可是“文明性”又必須有一个文明人才能示現。（三)凡“先于”事物.其屬性也被称为“先于”，例如直“先于”平；因为直是綫的屬性，平是面的屬性，<綫应先于面，所以直也应先于平〉。有些事物被称为“先于”与“后  \n19a 于”就是这样。\n\n又，(四)辜物有由于本性与本体而作先后之别，物有可不依它物而自存在的，而它物則必需依之而后能存在，—这个区别.柏拉图曾講过。③我們若考虑到“实是”④的各个命意，那么，第一，主5题应是“先于”，亦即本体应是“先于”;第二，有些事物可因潛在而成为先于；有些則因其完全实現而成为“先于”；例如以潜能論，則未完成之綫“先于”全綫，部分“先于”完全，物質“先于”其综合实体；但以其完全实現論，則这些是“后于”；因为只在整体解散后，那些組成部分才能独立存在。所以有时一切事物就因为适应于这第\n\n1018b\n\nΔ11\n\n①“河斯克来比抄本”(Aselepian MSS.)作 πρωrωσrár，亚历山大(A. A.)註釋此字是軍事术語，指“兩翼領队者”。其它抄本有作πaquσττ者，指一集体中右手第一人；在乐队郎第二人(指揮是第一人)。\n\n②希臘豎琴八絃：E首絃，F鄰首絃，G食指絃，A中絃，B鄰中絃，C末三絃，D鄰末絃，E末絃。亞氏所言豎琴絃数为偶数，实无中絃，而沿用七絃琴之第四絃(EFG·A'BCD)称“中絃”。参看本音卷N，章六。又“集題”919b20。\n\n③此节似指柏拉图所言“离合”(δaieσesxaì σvvaiρeσis),可参考謨次曼“亚氏析理”(Mutchman, Divisiones Aristoteleae), 27--28 H。\n\n④参看本卷第七章。\n\n99","previous_page":98,"next_page":100}