{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","title":"启蒙辩证法：哲学断片","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7208060754","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","id":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","uuid":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","title":"启蒙辩证法：哲学断片","normalized_title":"启蒙辩证法哲学断片","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7208060754","isbns":["7208060754"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":303,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%AD%E7%89%87","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/search"},"page":{"printed_page":40,"pdf_page":61,"physical_index":61,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c8ddc843d1f5aba639f6c9b521c43365a92123795e1b65c30506847df893667c"},"chapter":"启蒙辩证法","content":"狡诈就是冒险的自我为了维持自身而丧失自身的手段。就像后来文明的游客用五彩斑斓的玻璃珠换取象牙一样，航海人奥德修斯也用同样的手段蒙骗自然神。当然，在交换礼物的时候，他偶尔也会显出一副买卖人的样子。在荷马史诗中，礼物就是买卖双方的中介桥梁。同牺牲一样，礼物既可以用来补偿流失了的血(要么是陌生人的血，要么是海盗们所捕获的俘虏的血)，也可以用来缔结和约。不过，与此同时，礼物的交换也预示着等价原则的出现：不管是在实际过程中，还是在象征意义上，主人都必须获得具有同样价值的礼物；客人也必须得到他在归家途中所需要的最基本的物品。如果主人没有得到相应的报酬，那他就要考虑到他自己或他的亲属曾经也同样获取的多，而付出的少。礼物既是对自然神的供奉，也是用来防范自然神的基本措施。早期希腊人的航行，不仅范围很大，而且充满危险，而这恰恰为等价原则提供了很实用的前提条件。波塞冬(Poseidon)，这个奥德修斯的自然之敌，其本人就曾考虑过等价交换的问题，因为他一再抱怨说，奥德修斯在他航行的每个阶段里所收到的礼物，都要比他从特洛伊获得的全部战利品多得多——正是波塞冬本人允许他可以随心所欲地这样做。然而，在荷马那里，这种合理化过程却被追溯为一种祭祀活动。规模庞大的百牲祭就是为了祝福众神而举行的。如果交换物本身就是一种牺牲的世俗形式，那么，祭祀也就变成了一种合理交换的巫术模式，变成了一种人支配神的工具：对众神的僭越恰恰是通过遵奉众神的制度而实现的。[6]\n\n启蒙辩证法\n\n40","previous_page":39,"next_page":41}