{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","title":"启蒙辩证法：哲学断片","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7208060754","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","id":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","uuid":"8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","title":"启蒙辩证法：哲学断片","normalized_title":"启蒙辩证法哲学断片","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7208060754","isbns":["7208060754"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":303,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%AD%E7%89%87","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8a04aa64-c2b4-47c2-bfde-f0b740dd022a/search"},"page":{"printed_page":78,"pdf_page":99,"physical_index":99,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"bb61a26e28838a3dcd888cb87a09843d7a9bd1e0e0d85db062b7d037c1f99330"},"chapter":"启蒙辩证法","content":"由于理性没有实质目标，所以所有的情感会离它而去，成为纯粹的自然情感。理性对立于一切非理性的原则，并成为启蒙与神话相互对立的真正基础。神话只把精神看作是深陷于自然的东西，即自然力。就像外部力量呈现为一种神灵鬼怪之根源的活生生的力量一样，其内在的冲动也呈现为这种活生生的力量。与此相反，启蒙则把一致、意义和生活统统归结为主体性，而主体性也恰恰只有在上述过程中才开始构成。对主体性而言，理性是某种化学试剂，它汲取了个别的物质实体，并在理性纯粹的自律性中将其挥发出来。为了逃避对自然的迷信和恐惧，理性将客观有效的同一性和形式统统转变成一种混沌物质的迷雾，把它对人性产生的影响咒骂为一种奴役，直到主体在观念中完全变成独一无二的，无拘无束的，却又空洞乏味的权威。一切自然力都变成了对主体抽象权力的不加区别的单纯抵制。被西方启蒙运动，甚至当作加尔文教，所抛弃的特殊神话学，正是天主教义的历书学说(ordo)，以及在其滋养下得以繁荣兴旺的异端民间宗教。资产阶级哲学的目的就是要把人类从上述宗教学说中解救出来，但这种做法却远远超出了其人文创始人原来设想的范围。汹涌澎湃的市场经济既成了理性的现实形式，又成了破坏这种理性的力量。而反动的浪漫派只阐释了资产阶级的自身经历：在资产阶级世界中，自由只意味着有组织的无政府状态。对天主教反革命的批判正是在与启蒙运动的对抗中证明了自身；反之，启蒙运动也是在与天主教的对立中坚持了自己的正确性。启蒙运动自身表现为自由主义。如果一切情感都是等价的，那么，一切支配着系统形式的自我持存则似乎最有可能是人类行为准则的来源。\n\n启蒙辩证法\n\n\\*请参阅马克思在《资本论》(第一卷)中的有关论述，载《马克思恩格斯全集》，柏林，1968，第92页。——译者注\n\n78","previous_page":77,"next_page":79}