{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a","title":"Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age The Spirit of Networks","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781349379743","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a","id":"8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a","uuid":"8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a","title":"Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age The Spirit of Networks","normalized_title":"mediaandnewcapitalisminthedigitalagethespiritofnetworks","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781349379743","isbns":["9781349379743","9780230106062"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":258,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Media%20and%20New%20Capitalism%20in%20the%20Digital%20Age%20The%20Spirit%20of%20Networks","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8a3d8546-8fbb-485e-b423-37bc08c3284a/search"},"page":{"printed_page":109,"pdf_page":112,"physical_index":112,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9f35e6dda82c648ef21991536e40b1f58b34a094f7dc7bc60ad9415f0c7a124d"},"chapter":"Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age","content":"The potential of the network to bring about a new and revolutionary mode of production is explored in an opening article of a special issue of Wired for the tenth anniversary of the Web, a date marked by the initial public offering (IPO) of Netscape (Kelly 2005).<sup>1</sup> For Kevin Kelly, the author of the article, the abstract, ideal-typical “network” receives a concrete technological articulation in the form of the Web. Kelly asks two questions: What is the new mode of production brought about by the Web? And what is the major social meaning of that? The title and subtitle of his article make the following statement: “We are the Web. The Netscape IPO wasn’t really about dot-commerce. At its heart was a new cultural force based on mass collaboration. Blogs, Wikipedia, open source, peer-to-peer—behold the power of the people” (Kelly 2005).\n\nContrary to the commercial-oriented framework by which the Web was understood in the 1990s (testified by such terms as the “dot-com boom,” or the “new economy”), Kelly offers a completely different narrative, one that takes production out of its strictly economic context. Network production, he suggests, is about the empowerment of “the people.” This proposition brings two questions to mind: Who are the people? And what is the new power they are endowed with thanks to network technology? According to Kelly, the most exciting potential of the network is in allowing individuals to come together and unleash a powerful, creative, and democratic force of production; the new mode of production is based on the collaborative work of individuals. The Web allows for “a new kind of participation that has since developed into an emerging culture based on sharing” (Kelly 2005). That means that production—here Kelly focuses mostly on cultural production—has been democratized: “Suddenly it became clear that ordinary people could create material anyone with a connection could view. The burgeoning online audience no longer needed ABC for content.”\n\nThis democratization further means that professionals and experts no longer dominate the processes of production; now Web “users” (in Kelly’s terms) do most of the work. In managing auctions, for example, “they photograph, catalog, post, and manage their own auctions.” This collaborative mode empowers individuals and is democratizing in another important way: not only does it allow lay individuals to engage in production;\n\nNetwork Production\n\n109","previous_page":108,"next_page":110}