{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","uuid":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","normalized_title":"西方哲学史第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","isbns":["9787300121413"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":591,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%20%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":206,"pdf_page":213,"physical_index":213,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"1043d3e54bb62f8c786a1565e474a6bb91392b3eef207214b714e7444857e398"},"chapter":"第三章","content":"(二) 论灵魂\n\n与关于神、存在、造物的本体论思想相结合，艾克哈特刻画了人在宇宙中占据的高贵地位。这种高贵的特性不言而喻在于，人拥有一个按照神的形象创造的灵魂。“灵魂在本性上是按照神塑造的”③。如同上帝是三位一体一样，灵魂也是由三种力量构成的，即记忆、理性、意志。记忆是一种保存的能力，它把其他能力交付给它的东西保存起来；理性是理解的能力，当理性的对象是上帝时，其他一切力量都必须协助它；意志则根据其意愿来提供和禁止一切。与托马斯一样，艾克哈特强调了理性的优先地位。理性的高贵在于把握我们当下不能触及的事物，而意志的高贵则在于自为地把握所有事物，特别是在理性束手无策的地方。但是，意志的力量需要其他力量尤其是信仰的辅助，而信仰又归根结底来源于认识。在强调理性优越地位的同时，艾克哈特对意志也做了一定的肯定。\n\n艾克哈特把灵魂看做是一种多层次的存在。在这些层次中，有一个特别深邃的层次，它直接地与灵魂自己在神里面的原型、与灵魂的理想的存在相联系。艾克哈特将这个层次称为“灵魂的火花”。凭借它，人以某种方式分有了神的本性。艾克哈特甚至赋予灵魂以与圣子等同的地位。认为在上帝的“独生子和灵魂之间没有任何区别”④。\n\n①《艾克哈特大师——德语布道与论文集》，304～305页。\n\n②《艾克哈特拉丁文著作集》，第1卷，190页，斯图加特，1964。\n\n③《艾克哈特大师———德语布道与论文集》，425页。\n\n④同上书，208页。\n\n206","previous_page":205,"next_page":207}