{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","uuid":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","normalized_title":"西方哲学史第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","isbns":["9787300121413"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":591,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%20%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":221,"pdf_page":228,"physical_index":228,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5e366cd26a86bcdf7e2fba2e4004106e66034f13e8223000bab1c5033e968dbf"},"chapter":"第六章","content":"马基雅弗利把政治学的基础从道德改换为权力和实力，在社会政治领域中排除了传统的神学观点，首先从人的观点出发来观察社会历史和政治斗争，并企图从中总结出带有规律性的东西，从而奠立了近代资产阶级社会政治理论的开端。然而，他的非道德学说毕竟在传统的思想看来是离经叛道的。更何况，马基雅弗利把一些做了说不得的事情统统说了出来，暴露于光天化日之下。他奉劝君主们伪善，但却亲手撕下了君主们的伪善面具，这就使他不可能取悦于统治者们。于是就出现了一个奇怪的现象，那些君主和政客们一方面在做着马基雅弗利所说的事情，另一方面却一次又一次掀起批判马基雅弗利的浪潮。这正好说明，马基雅弗利的非道德政治学说的真正效果不是教唆，而是揭露。真正地理解了马基雅弗利的卢梭说：“马基雅弗利自称是在给君主讲课，其实他是在给人民讲大课，马基雅弗利的《君主论》，乃是共和党人的教科书。”①19世纪末，在意大利要求自由和统一的政治革命中，马基雅弗利的思想重新得到了承认。著名的思想家和政治家道格拉斯·格里高利甚至指出，意大利只有遵循马基雅弗利的理论才能实现统一，走别的任何道路只能给国家带来失败，给人民带来灾难。\n\n第二节 古典哲学的复兴\n\n人文主义对古典文化的复兴在哲学领域引起了巨大的反响。在文艺复兴时\n\n①[法]卢梭：《社会契约论》，24页，北京，商务印书馆，1980。\n\n221","previous_page":220,"next_page":222}