{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","uuid":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","normalized_title":"西方哲学史第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","isbns":["9787300121413"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":591,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%20%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":241,"pdf_page":248,"physical_index":248,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ee344bc1521fa475c11cfc11664eda350e077c80f74a7045bb462edcaee790a1"},"chapter":"第六章","content":"(三)对立面的一致\n\n布鲁诺继承了尼古拉·库萨的“对立面一致”的思想，认为宇宙中一切事物都是由对立面构成的。“谁要认识自然的最大秘密，那就请他去研究和观察矛盾和对立面的最大和最小吧。深奥的魔法就在于：能够先找出结合点，再引出对立。”②布鲁诺本人就是这样做的。他指出，不仅“极大”和“极小”吻合为一，而且在“极大”和“极小”自身中对立面也是归于一。在“太一”之中，不仅“极大”与“极小”没有差别，甚至直线与曲线、直线与圆周也是统一的。最小的弧和最小的弦、无限的直线和无限的圆周都是无差别的。值得注意的是，布鲁诺不仅在几何学中论证了对立的统一，而且将它放到实际生活中去验证。他指出，最少量的热和轻微的冷是一回事，向着冷的方向的运动就是从热出发的。医生在最好的情况下担心有坏的结局，有远见的人在最幸福的时刻感到特别畏缩。消灭无非是产生，产生也无非是消灭，等等。布鲁诺指责亚里士多德只看到对立面一致的可能性，却看不到它的现实性。把考察现实世界的矛盾和对立看做是认识宇宙奥秘的途径，这是布鲁诺辩证思想的重大理论成果。\n\n(四) 真理与认识\n\n与中世纪晚期和文艺复兴时期的大多数思想家不同，布鲁诺出自毫不妥协的个性、思想严格性的要求以及怀疑的原则，拒绝承认宗教真理，主张真理的根据不在于信仰、权威。他坚决反对“双重真理论”，只承认人类理智所揭示的“自然的真理”。自然下降而生育万物与理智上升而认识自然真理所遵循的是同一条道路。前者是由统一性展开成为无限多的个体，后者则是由无限多的个体上升到统一。这也就是说，认识是从具体事物开始的。\n\n①意]布鲁诺：《论原因、本原与太一》，52页。\n\n②同上书，133页。\n\n241","previous_page":240,"next_page":242}