{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","uuid":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","normalized_title":"西方哲学史第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","isbns":["9787300121413"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":591,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%20%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":398,"pdf_page":405,"physical_index":405,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fb16e3ebbd14d6b53f1bee04c2b633bf3580658dc7cfc99ab8eda81d0cf4cbc6"},"chapter":"第九章","content":"判断表\n\n1. 量的判断：全称的特称的单称的\n\n2. 质的判断：肯定的否定的无限的\n\n3. 关系的判断：直言的 假言的 选言的\n\n4. 样式的判断：或然的实然的必然的\n\n范畴表\n\n1. 量的范畴：单一性复多性总体性\n\n2. 质的范畴：实在性3. 关系的范畴：依附性与实体性（实体与偶性）否定性 原因性与结果性（原因与结果)限制性 交互性（主动与被动的相互作用）\n\n4. 样式的范畴：可能性与不可能性存在性与非存在性必然性与偶然性\n\n康德借用法律上的一个概念，将关于范畴的证明称为“演绎”。\n\n人们在法律上常常要区分事实问题和权利问题：我事实上占有某物并不意味着我有合法的权利占有某物，关于权利问题的证明就被称为“演绎”（deduc-tion)。同样，我们每时每刻都在使用范畴，但是这并不意味着我们对范畴的使用都是合法的。所以，范畴需要“演绎”。在康德看来，证明范畴的先天性亦即所谓范畴的“形而上学演绎”并不困难，因为它们作为概念本来就是主体固有的认识形式，而且形式逻辑的判断表也可以看做是一种证明。真正的困难在于说明属于主观范围的范畴对于经验如何具有客观有效性，亦即主观的范畴如何是经验的先天条件，这就是“先验演绎”。于是，康德就把研究的重心放在了“先验演绎”上，致力于证明范畴用于经验的客观有效性。\n\n398","previous_page":397,"next_page":399}