{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","uuid":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","normalized_title":"西方哲学史第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","isbns":["9787300121413"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":591,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%20%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":493,"pdf_page":500,"physical_index":500,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"754b9b7107e9c67e40cfe2799c84c94545fa2755aaacd9dd34cbe9e9f9b5491a"},"chapter":"第十章","content":"第十章\n\n黑格尔之后的哲学思潮\n\n黑格尔之后的19世纪，哲学陷入了重新寻找方向、重新检查基础，甚至重新确定问题和对象的混乱局面，哲学家们广泛深入的探索为20世纪西方哲学开辟了道路。\n\n从思想史来看，19世纪的首要标志就在于知识的学科化和专业化，即创立了以生产新知识、培养知识创造者为宗旨的永久性制度结构。多元化学科的创立乃是基于这样一个信念：由于现实被合理地分成了一些不同的知识群，因此系统化研究便要求研究者掌握专门的技能，并借助这些技能集中处理多种多样而又相互独立的现实领域。①认识论立场的分化使各学科扇形展开，一端是数学和以实验科学为基础的自然科学（物理学、化学和生物学），另一端则是人文科学，其中哲学的地位最高，其次是对形式艺术实践的研究(包括文学、绘画、雕塑、音乐学)。介于人文科学和自然科学之间的是研究社会现实的诸学科，其中史学更接近前者，而刚刚分化出来的社会科学则以后者为标准。在这样的知识状况下，自然科学与人文科学的紧张关系至少在认识论和方法论上强化了，而哲学（尤其形而上学）与其他学科的关系也因为后者的成熟和独立而日益紧张。\n\n①参见[美]华伦斯坦等：《开放社会科学》，第一章，北京，三联书店，1997。\n\n493","previous_page":492,"next_page":494}