{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","uuid":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","normalized_title":"西方哲学史第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","isbns":["9787300121413"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":591,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%20%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":513,"pdf_page":520,"physical_index":520,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4fbd6cd7bfd6e0ac3168237b631aa74160a7bd79c593bc62154257042ff6c332"},"chapter":"第十章","content":"生命意志的肯定是痛苦的源泉，悲观的基础。而要消除痛苦就必须否定生命意志，抑制人的欲望，摆脱一切世俗的利益和要求，去除一切现实生活和现实的理想和目的，抛弃一切理性和科学的观念以及以理性为基础的一切道德规范，而进入无我之境。我们虽然可以研究哲学，也可以在艺术直观中达到“自失”境界，或者到佛教中寻求涅槃境界，从而进入意志世界。但是，要得到永久的解脱，就必须使生命意志自我扬弃，达到无欲这一人生的最后目的。无欲之路也必须以直观为先导，从理念中体会作为意志的世界的本质，使这种认识成为意志的“清静剂”。具体的禁欲行为包括自愿放弃性欲、甘于痛苦和死亡寂灭。\n\n叔本华认为性欲是生命意志最坚决的表现，性欲的满足等于延长个人有限的生存时间，等于把生命肯定到死亡之后，肯定到无限期，结果新的生命又犹如一架上紧了发条的“人生之钟”，重又开始了痛苦的历程，如此循环不息，因此性的满足犹如写给生命的一张“卖身契”。所以自愿放弃性欲就是否定生命意志的第一步。其次，叔本华认为痛苦是一个净化炉，人只有在痛苦的炉火中经过不断的煎熬，终于感到绝望，从而转向内心世界，苦思冥想，认识了自己和世界，才能达到超脱一切痛苦的神圣境界。这就需要不断地忏悔，不断地自苦，以此来抑制、降低直至灭绝意志，最终以死来达到彻底的绝欲，达到“不可动摇的安宁”，达到“寂灭中的极乐”。但这种死不是自杀，因为自杀无异于是对身体的肯定，是对生命意志的肯定。\n\n①[德]叔本华：《作为意志和表象的世界》，377页。\n\n② 同上书，429页。\n\n③同上书，447页。\n\n513","previous_page":512,"next_page":514}