{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","id":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","uuid":"8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title":"西方哲学史 第2版","normalized_title":"西方哲学史第2版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300121413","isbns":["9787300121413"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":591,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%20%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/8d2fa07d-9d78-4c34-bef3-077110a9fb0d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":521,"pdf_page":528,"physical_index":528,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d54347fe2670f0a8a6bbcc41923d95b2602959799d8ca24258fd24639d61fbbe"},"chapter":"第十章","content":"关于这三个阶段之间的关系，克尔恺郭尔认为，伦理的境界只是一个过渡的境界，因此它的最高表现乃是作为一种消极行动的忏悔；审美境界是直接性的境界，伦理的境界是要求的境界（这种要求是如此无限，以致会让个人破产），宗教的境界则是满足的境界。在另外的地方，他又换了一种说法指出，审美的存在本质上是享受，伦理的存在本质上是斗争和胜利，宗教的存在本质上则是痛苦。除了上述的三个存在的境界之外，克尔恺郭尔还承认有两个中间地区：“反讽”是审美境界和伦理境界之间的中间地区，而“幽默”则是伦理境界和宗教境界之间的中间地区。“反讽”对审美的生活表示异议，但还没有进入伦理的范畴。“幽默”和“讽刺”并无本质上的不同，幽默家发现自己人格中的道德冲突，认识到罪，但他还没有依据宗教激情去保持和上帝的关系。\n\n克尔恺郭尔曾有一个愿望，就是在他将来的墓碑上刻上这样的墓志铭：“那个个人”。的确，从普遍性返回个体，从大众回归个人，正是他留给后人的最重要的启迪，从而使他成为20世纪存在主义的先驱。\n\n①《克尔恺郭尔日记选》，165页。\n\n②同上书，151页。\n\n③ 同上书，205页。\n\n④ 同上书，207页。\n\n521","previous_page":520,"next_page":522}