{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title":"时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787301301517","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","uuid":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title":"时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释","normalized_title":"时间劳动与社会统治马克思的批判理论再阐释","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787301301517","isbns":["9787301301517","9780521565400"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":487,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E3%80%81%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%EF%BC%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%86%8D%E9%98%90%E9%87%8A","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/search"},"page":{"printed_page":152,"pdf_page":165,"physical_index":165,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"74e9d791b0e0bfaed94d8d29aafa0559598c728bde9edac9916f4308776f1bd3"},"chapter":"时间、劳动与社会统治","content":"然而，马克思对价值的分析比米克讨论的要更具有历史特殊性。马克思试图以商品与价值的范畴来把握资本主义的核心。在马克思的政治经济学批判框架中，前资本主义的简单商品流通阶段这个观念是虚假的。如汉斯·格奥尔格·巴克豪斯(Hans Georg Backhaus)所指出的，这个观念来自恩格斯而非马克思。⑤马克思明确地、断然地否认价值规律源自前资本主义社会的商品所有者，或是对他们有效。米克将亚当·斯密的价值规律等同于马克思的价值规律，但是，马克思对斯密的批判正在于后者将价值规律移用在了前资本主义社会中：\n\n诚然，斯密用商品中所包含的劳动时间来决定商品价值，但是，他又把这种价值规定的现实性推到亚当以前的时代。换句话说，从简单商品的观点看来他以为是真实的东西，一到资本、雇佣劳动、地租等比较高级和比较复杂的形式代替了这种商品时，他就看不清了。例如，他说：在市民阶级的失乐园中，人们还没有以资本家、雇佣工人、土地所有者、佃户、高利贷者等身份互相对立，而是以简单的商品生产者和商品交换者的身份互相对立，在那里，商品价值是用商品中所包含的劳动时间来衡量的。\n\n152\n\n时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释\n\n① Meek, Studies in the Labour Theory, p. 303.\n\n② 同上书，p. 305。\n\n③ 同上书，p. xV。\n\n④ 同上书，p. 308。\n\n⑤ Hans Georg Backhaus, \"Materialien zur Rekonstruktion der Marxschen Werttheorie,\"Gesellschaft: Beiträge zur Marxschen Theorie (Frankfurt), no. 1 (1974), p. 53.\n\n⑥ Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, trans. S. W. Ryazanskaya (Moscow, 1970), p. 59.","previous_page":151,"next_page":153}