{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title":"时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787301301517","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","uuid":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title":"时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释","normalized_title":"时间劳动与社会统治马克思的批判理论再阐释","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787301301517","isbns":["9787301301517","9780521565400"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":487,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E3%80%81%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%EF%BC%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%86%8D%E9%98%90%E9%87%8A","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/search"},"page":{"printed_page":235,"pdf_page":248,"physical_index":248,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"16184b738f2690a83b8a0b118830b752d2c5707e114293a172ad86513dab2675"},"chapter":"时间、劳动与社会统治","content":"另一方面，“抽象时间”，也即我所谓均一的、连续的、同质的、“空洞的”时间，是独立于各种事件的。抽象时间的概念在14世纪与17世纪之间日益开始支配西欧，其最鲜明的表达，是牛顿所构造的“绝对的、真实的、数学的时间，它均匀地流动，与任何外在因素无关”③。抽象时间是一个自变量；它建构了一个独立的框架，运动、事件、行动发生其中。这种时间可以被分割为等同的、定量的、无性质的单位。\n\n根据李约瑟的研究，独立于现象的时间概念仅仅出现在现代的西欧。④这种理解与一种关于运动的理念相关：运动是空间的变动，在机能上依赖于时间。这种理解在古希腊、伊斯兰世界、中世纪前期的欧洲、印度或中国都不存在。(尽管在中国有定量时间单位。)将时间分割成可公度的、可交替的片段，这种做法对古代与中世纪早期的世界来说很陌生。因此，抽象时间是历史特殊的—问题是，它在什么样的条件中出现？\n\n第五章抽象时间\n\n235\n\n① 巴比伦人和中国人显然都有一种将一天细分为定量时间单位的系统，见JosephNeedham,WangLing, and Derek de Solla Price, Heavenly Clockwork: The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China(2d ed., Cambridge, England, 1986), p. 199ff; Gustav Bilfinger, Die babylonische Doppelstunde: Einechronologische Untersuchung (Stuttgart, 1888), pp. 5,27-30。不过我在后文中将会简要地解释，这些定量时间单位不能等同于现代的定量钟点，也不意味着时间是一个自变量的概念。\n\n② Whitrow, The Nature of Time, p. 23; Bilfinger, Die mittelalterlichen Horen, p. 1.\n\n③ Isaac Newton, Principia, as quoted in L. R. Heath, The Concept of Time (Chicago, 1936), p. 88. 牛顿当然区分了绝对时间和相对时间。他将相对时间称为“某种感性的、外在的东西……通过运动来度量时间长度……它常常被用来代替真实时间，如一小时、一天、一个月、一年”（同上）。然而，他并未对这两种单位进行区分。这意味着，牛顿将相对时间视为绝对时间的感性近似值，而非另一种时间形式。\n\n④ Joseph Needham, Science in Traditional China (Cambridge, Mass., and Hong Kong, 1981), p. 108.\n\n⑤ Gurevich, \"Time as a Problem of Cultural History,\" p. 241.","previous_page":234,"next_page":236}