{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title":"时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787301301517","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","id":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","uuid":"9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title":"时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释","normalized_title":"时间劳动与社会统治马克思的批判理论再阐释","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787301301517","isbns":["9787301301517","9780521565400"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":487,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E3%80%81%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%EF%BC%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%86%8D%E9%98%90%E9%87%8A","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9387edf6-76a0-49b0-871f-f45c222f04d1/search"},"page":{"printed_page":64,"pdf_page":77,"physical_index":77,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3520c3ddab12d38671bbaa0a507bddb2b0c85d841be3cacfacb9714a4bcbd501"},"chapter":"时间、劳动与社会统治","content":"殊性。①\n\n据马克思看来，对资本主义进行充分分析是可能的，只要我们从分析资本主义劳动的历史特殊性入手。这一特殊性的首要的、基本的规定正是马克思所谓的商品性劳动的“二重性”。\n\n我的书最好的地方是：(1)在第一章就着重指出了按不同情况表现为使用价值或交换价值的劳动的二重性（这是对事实的全部理解的基础)；(2)研究剩余价值时，撇开了它的特殊形态—利润、利息、地租，等等。②\n\n在本书的第二部分，我将详尽地讨论马克思关于资本主义劳动的“二重性”的观念。在这里我只需提到，据马克思自己的表述，他对资本主义的批判并非始于剩余价值这一范畴的引入，而始于《资本论》第一章，在这一章中他分析了商品性劳动的特殊性。这标志着马克思的批判与古典政治经济学的根本区别，也就是“对事实的全部理解的基础”。在马克思看来，斯密和李嘉图根据无差别的“劳动”③观念来分析商品的做法是“单纯的”。④如果资本主义劳动的特殊性没有被认识到，它就会被理解为超历史的、根本上是非批判的概念。这种“劳动”⑤，“只是指人借以实现人和自然之间的物质变换的人类一般的生产活动，它已经脱掉一切社会形式和性质规定”⑥。在马克思这里，社会劳动本身—“人类一般的生产活动”—只是一个幽灵，一个抽象，就它本身来说，是不存在的。①\n\n64\n\n时间、劳动与社会统治：马克思的批判理论再阐释\n\n① Capital, vol. 1, p. 174n34.\n\n② Marx to Engels, August 24, 1867, in Marx-Engels Werke (hereafter MEW), vol. 31 (Berlin, 1956-1968), p. 326.\n\n③ Marx, Results of the Immediate Process of Production, trans. Rodney Livingstone, in Capital, vol. 1, trans. Ben Fowkes (London, 1976), p. 992.\n\n④Marx to Engels, January 8, 1868, MEW, vol. 32, p. 11.\n\n⑤Capital, vol. 3, p. 954.\n\n⑥同上。","previous_page":63,"next_page":65}