{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","uuid":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","normalized_title":"后工作时代平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","isbns":["9787532792511"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":145,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%8E%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/search"},"page":{"printed_page":19,"pdf_page":23,"physical_index":23,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a014dce6a7acd693bc83d49a139df25162402813809a5bb611d961f486f866a8"},"chapter":"第一章硅谷的剩余劳动力","content":"虽然这或许是微工作在美欧运作的一个极端例子，但Samasource项目还是揭示了全球北方谁在使用这些平台：“下岗教师、行动不便的职业人士、退役军人、有广场恐惧症的作家……和全职父母。”〔1]同叙利亚的难民或加尔各答的贫民窟居民一样，这些工人中有很多人也被吸纳进资本的轨道中，却被排除在正式的劳动力市场之外；用卡尔·马克思的话来说，他们构成了“相对过剩人口”，也就是一群从“部分就业”——没有时间维持生计——到完全“停滞”——无期限地没有工资——的人。[2]这些灰心失望的参与者是一个反复无常的经济体制的必要特征，经济体制随着需求的扩大和收缩而雇用或解雇劳动人口。当工人被吸收成为劳动力时，他们就开始依赖工资关系。当劳动力需求下降和工作机会减少时，工人们仍然必须找到其他东西来维持生计社会福利、非正规工作，不然就得为了食物和住宿而上街乞讨。微工作只是这些令人沮丧的选项中最新的一个。\n\n工作末日?\n\n那么，我们是如何走到今天这一步的？全球越来越多的人口从事如此不稳定、如此偶然、报酬如此微薄的工作，以至于这样的工作和失业几乎没有区别。在很多衡量标准上，这里的非正规劳动力和正式劳动力几乎无法区分，我们是如何导致这一切的呢？\n\n[1]Lilly Irani, 'Justice for Data Janitors', Public Books, 15 January 2015.\n\n[2] Karl Marx, Capital Volume 1, Penguin Classics, 1990, p. 794.\n\n19","previous_page":18,"next_page":20}