{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","uuid":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","normalized_title":"后工作时代平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","isbns":["9787532792511"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":145,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%8E%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/search"},"page":{"printed_page":24,"pdf_page":28,"physical_index":28,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fcfcfac06a025aee32a4ef977e0464a5c6849e91999d9b72cdc546181b9db2e5"},"chapter":"第一章硅谷的剩余劳动力","content":"一个重要的原因是，计算机与电信、电力和蒸汽机不同，它具有普遍的适用性，因此与以前的科学技术相比，计算机减少了更多行业对劳动力的需求。[2]马克思曾经预测，在资本主义的发展过程中，技术创新的应用将变得更加普遍，从而使劳动力在生产过程中成为越来越多余的存在。[3]许多自动化理论家将马克思预测的严峻时刻定位在当前，认为计算领域和人工智能领域的高生产力的科技创新，正在将越来越多的工人驱逐到经济体系的边缘。[4]然而，这种论点并不完全正确。与过去的工业范式不同，计算机和其他数字技术的发展并未创造出能够吸纳剩余劳动力、从而促进经济体系进一步发展的高效生产力。正如经济学家罗伯特·索洛所说：“你可以在任何地方看到计算机时代，只是在生产力数据中却找不到其踪影。”〔5]\n\n在某种程度上，该经济体系似乎不是更大规模地生产资本，而是更大规模地生产剩余劳动力。但这并非因为自动化抢走了工作，而是如罗伯特·布伦纳和之后的很多人指出的那样，因为制造业利润的下降。因为制造业利润的下降不仅意味着增长模式的终结，而且未能产生新的增长模式。[1]因此，正如艾伦·贝纳诺所说，劳动力需求下降的原因：\n\n[1] 关于持这一立场的例子，参见 Carl Benedikt Frey, The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation, Princeton University Press, 2019, pp. 246—248。\n\n[2] 'Misery and Debt'.\n\n[3] 关于“资本主义积累的绝对的一般规律”的论述，参见Marx,CapitalVolume 1, pp. 798—802。\n\n[4]关于这种观点，参见 Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams, Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World without Work, Verso, 2015。还可参见 Bastani, Fully Automated Luxury Communism\n\n[5]关于索洛生产力悖论的论述，参见 Jack Triplett, “The Solow Productivity Paradox: What Do Computers Do to Productivity?\", The Canadian Journal of Economics 32 (2), 1999。\n\n24","previous_page":23,"next_page":25}