{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","uuid":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","normalized_title":"后工作时代平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","isbns":["9787532792511"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":145,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%8E%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/search"},"page":{"printed_page":26,"pdf_page":30,"physical_index":30,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"254eb4b4342c8065202ab727c74e8b5936c8b47a89c249dd503e2cbff8a13e14"},"chapter":"第一章硅谷的剩余劳动力","content":"尽管在整个计算机时代反复预测的工作末日尚未到来，但从长远来看，失业率正在无可争议地上升。战后时期，英国和美国主导的经济体失业率为2%，而其他经济体的失业率仅为1%。[2]从那时候起，5%的失业率成为美国和大部分西欧国家的目标，而经合组织的平均水平现在略高于这个目标。[3]平均而言，1970年代之后美国的失业率接近7%。[4]1960年至1990年，欧盟的失业率从2%上升到8%，除了2008年金融危机时期的峰值之外，该数字一直相当稳定。〔5]在新型冠状病毒肺炎（Covid-19）大流行之后，这种情况或许会发生变化。\n\n然而，更加重要的是，全球劳动力从制造业向“服务业”的巨大转移，服务业是一个极为宽泛的术语，已经变成了制造业或农业之外的任何工作的经济简写，包括金融、零售、酒店业和护理工作。[6]像英国和美国这样去工业化最快的国家，服务业发展最快。从1970年到2016年，英国制造业的经济占比从30%以上下降到10%，服务业则从略高于50%跃升至80%。[7]美国经济也具有类似的趋势。数据既简单又恐怖，如今服务业几乎代表了英美国家经济的全部价值。\n\n[1] Robert Rowthorn and Ramana Ramaswamy, 'Deindustrialization: Its Causes and Implications', IMF, September 1997.\n\n[2] Srnicek and Williams, Inventing the Future, p. 91.\n\n[3] Data from OECD Unemployment Rate Indicators. Last updated 2020.\n\n[4]Aaron Benanav, 'Precarity Rising', Viewpoint Magazine, 15 June 2015.\n\n[5] Olivier Blanchard et al., 'European Unemployment: The Evolution of Facts and Ideas', Economic Policy 21 (45), 2006.\n\n[6] Jason E. Smith, Smart Machines and Service Work: Automation in an Age of Stagnation, Reaktion Books, 2020, p. 76.\n\n[7]Anna Syed, 'Changes in the Economy since the 1970s', UK Office for National Statistics, 2 September 2019.\n\n26","previous_page":25,"next_page":27}