{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","uuid":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","normalized_title":"后工作时代平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","isbns":["9787532792511"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":145,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%8E%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/search"},"page":{"printed_page":27,"pdf_page":31,"physical_index":31,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fb35517b15338c23c26e152eed12fed40d4deab8fbc42d18348c3098cc6a4267"},"chapter":"第一章硅谷的剩余劳动力","content":"与制造业不同，服务业工作往往如经济学家威廉·鲍莫尔所言，“在科技上停滞不前”。[1]尽管科技的发展在汽车等行业产生了巨大的生产力提升，但服务业却抗拒科技进步。正如杰森·史密斯所说，“打扫房间或看护小孩等低技能’的服务任务，需要空间感知和计算、动手能力和身体的灵活性，更不用说对特定情况下什么是‘干净”或‘安全’的隐含的理解，这些都阻碍了让机器进行模仿的尝试”。[2]基于这个原因，这些工作仍然不能适应影响了制造业的自动化，故而仍然是相对劳动密集型的。越来越多的人被迫从事这些低生产率的工作，这些工作不会以制造业的速度发展，因此必须承受劳动收入份额下降的影响。这就是为什么仓库行业、出租车驾驶、旅馆业和零售业的许多工作都是薪水很低、兼职或需要虚假的“自我雇佣”合同的原因。同时，竞争的加剧意味着绝望的加剧，因为雇主可以借此全面降低薪酬标准。那些被经济体系抛在后面的人被迫从事——或被迫发明——一系列似乎永无穷尽的、新的、难以理解的服务工作，这些工作涵盖了人类活动的方方面面，比如可以想想雇佣朋友和宠物保姆。从这个意义上来说，“服务”一词很可能是用词不当，因为它几乎无法准确表达一个停滞不前的经济体系为工人们准备的真正的苦难储备。\n\n[1] William Baumol, 'Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: Anatomy of the Urban Crisis', American Economic Review 67 (3), 1967, pp. 415—426.\n\n[2] Smith, Smart Machines and Service Work, p. 122.\n\n27","previous_page":26,"next_page":28}